{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006639708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973064","title":"ThinVR: Heterogeneous microlens arrays for compact, 180 degree FOV VR near-eye displays","display_name":"ThinVR: Heterogeneous microlens arrays for compact, 180 degree FOV VR near-eye displays","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006639708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973064","mag":"3006639708","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32070971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005516733","display_name":"Joshua Ratcliff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Ratcliff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058834435","display_name":"Alexey Supikov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Supikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078975329","display_name":"Santiago Alfaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santiago Alfaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054445163","display_name":"Ronald Azuma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-7203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Azuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97187852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"1981","last_page":"1990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microlens","display_name":"Microlens","score":0.874995231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7617242932319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.634673535823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6270096302032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-of-view","display_name":"Field of view","score":0.5943512320518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5677933692932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47146493196487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-head-mounted-display","display_name":"Optical head-mounted display","score":0.4582177698612213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4160114526748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereoscopy","display_name":"Stereoscopy","score":0.4132572412490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41319572925567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.34408220648765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.2246282994747162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17590537667274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16730964183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07945182919502258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192560794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500199","display_name":"Microlens","level":3,"score":0.874995231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7617242932319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.634673535823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6270096302032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150627866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076893","display_name":"Field of view","level":2,"score":0.5943512320518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5677933692932129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47146493196487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9751117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105103","display_name":"Optical head-mounted display","level":2,"score":0.4582177698612213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4160114526748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126057942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35158","display_name":"Stereoscopy","level":2,"score":0.4132572412490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41319572925567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34408220648765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.2246282994747162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17590537667274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16730964183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07945182919502258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080310","descriptor_name":"Smart Glasses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080310","descriptor_name":"Smart Glasses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080310","descriptor_name":"Smart Glasses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014794","descriptor_name":"Visual Fields","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014794","descriptor_name":"Visual Fields","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014794","descriptor_name":"Visual Fields","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32070971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32070971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W384351984","https://openalex.org/W1658472922","https://openalex.org/W1987567724","https://openalex.org/W2007363443","https://openalex.org/W2007826547","https://openalex.org/W2010236617","https://openalex.org/W2017869263","https://openalex.org/W2037550549","https://openalex.org/W2043548822","https://openalex.org/W2045422729","https://openalex.org/W2051622429","https://openalex.org/W2142008812","https://openalex.org/W2165763959","https://openalex.org/W2167084235","https://openalex.org/W2207655504","https://openalex.org/W2614113705","https://openalex.org/W2770388370","https://openalex.org/W2770542696","https://openalex.org/W2794160092","https://openalex.org/W2805553471","https://openalex.org/W2895662448","https://openalex.org/W2960062801","https://openalex.org/W2969420591","https://openalex.org/W2997285376","https://openalex.org/W3029645440","https://openalex.org/W3101797474","https://openalex.org/W4244659560","https://openalex.org/W4245561289","https://openalex.org/W4301014524","https://openalex.org/W6652128998","https://openalex.org/W6684758145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331133158","https://openalex.org/W3212701016","https://openalex.org/W4281572087","https://openalex.org/W2787317842","https://openalex.org/W2396952122","https://openalex.org/W2000750033","https://openalex.org/W3193878704","https://openalex.org/W1584295223","https://openalex.org/W2144506115","https://openalex.org/W2610590279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today's":[0],"Virtual":[1],"Reality":[2],"(VR)":[3],"displays":[4,11,18,34],"are":[5,144],"dramatically":[6],"better":[7],"than":[8,47],"the":[9,27,48,72,147,174,189,206,213],"head-worn":[10,78,84,225],"offered":[12],"30":[13],"years":[14],"ago,":[15],"but":[16],"today's":[17],"remain":[19],"nearly":[20],"as":[21,23,65],"bulky":[22],"their":[24],"predecessors":[25],"in":[26,93,119,195],"1980's.":[28],"Also,":[29],"almost":[30],"all":[31],"consumer":[32],"VR":[33,79,85,226],"today":[35],"provide":[36,88],"90-110":[37],"degrees":[38,57,90],"field":[39],"of":[40,77,112,121,173,182,188],"view":[41],"(FOV),":[42],"which":[43,53],"is":[44,101,205],"much":[45],"smaller":[46],"human":[49],"visual":[50],"system's":[51],"FOV":[52,76,92,224],"extends":[54],"beyond":[55],"180":[56,89],"horizontally.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,134,204],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"ThinVR":[64,81],"a":[66,83,94,108,122,139,152,162],"new":[67],"approach":[68,100,135],"to":[69,87,102,132,160,209,220],"simultaneously":[70],"address":[71],"bulk":[73],"and":[74,116,185,197,211],"limited":[75],"displays.":[80,227],"enables":[82],"display":[86],"horizontal":[91],"thin,":[95],"compact":[96],"form":[97],"factor.":[98],"Our":[99],"replace":[103],"traditional":[104],"large":[105],"optics":[106,129],"with":[107],"curved":[109,123,178],"microlens":[110,179,218],"array":[111],"custom-designed":[113],"heterogeneous":[114,128,158,217],"lenslets":[115,143,159],"place":[117],"these":[118],"front":[120],"display.":[124],"We":[125,150],"found":[126],"that":[127],"were":[130],"crucial":[131],"make":[133],"work,":[136],"since":[137],"over":[138],"wide":[140,223],"FOV,":[141,193],"many":[142],"viewed":[145],"off":[146],"central":[148],"axis.":[149],"developed":[151],"custom":[153,157],"optimizer":[154],"for":[155,177,215],"designing":[156],"ensure":[161],"sufficient":[163],"eyebox":[164],"while":[165],"reducing":[166],"distortions.":[167],"The":[168],"contribution":[169],"includes":[170],"an":[171,186],"analysis":[172],"design":[175],"space":[176],"arrays,":[180],"implementation":[181],"physical":[183],"prototypes,":[184],"assessment":[187],"image":[190],"quality,":[191],"eyebox,":[192],"reduction":[194],"volume":[196],"pupil":[198],"swim":[199],"distortion.":[200],"To":[201],"our":[202],"knowledge,":[203],"first":[207],"work":[208],"demonstrate":[210],"analyze":[212],"potential":[214],"curved,":[216],"arrays":[219],"enable":[221],"compact,":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
