{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003816038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2970523","title":"The Sprawlter Graph Readability Metric: Combining Sprawl and Area-Aware Clutter","display_name":"The Sprawlter Graph Readability Metric: Combining Sprawl and Area-Aware Clutter","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003816038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2970523","mag":"3003816038","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32012018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.2970523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2970523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101978010","display_name":"Zipeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-6745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zipeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071094223","display_name":"Takayuki Itoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1997-4644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26120043","display_name":"Ochanomizu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03599d813","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26120043"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takayuki Itoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ochanomizu University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ochanomizu University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26120043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068543150","display_name":"Jessica Q. Dawson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1212-5380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Q. Dawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079916657","display_name":"Tamara Munzner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-3869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Munzner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101978010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54385089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"6","first_page":"2180","last_page":"2191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12536","display_name":"Topological and Geometric Data Analysis","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7692850828170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.6080057621002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6052819490432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5228139162063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.5172608494758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5127168893814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence-of-metrics","display_name":"Equivalence of metrics","score":0.5113182067871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5052004456520081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4650121331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.44247251749038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4037702679634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3609973192214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2372187077999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric-space","display_name":"Metric space","score":0.20826858282089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16739246249198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-metric","display_name":"Product metric","score":0.13581889867782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.11726999282836914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7692850828170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.6080057621002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6052819490432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5228139162063599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.5172608494758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5127168893814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191226916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384710","display_name":"Equivalence of metrics","level":4,"score":0.5113182067871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5052004456520081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4650121331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.44247251749038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4037702679634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3609973192214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2372187077999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198043062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180953","display_name":"Metric space","level":2,"score":0.20826858282089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16739246249198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154497576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247777","display_name":"Product metric","level":3,"score":0.13581889867782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.11726999282836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.2970523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2970523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32012018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32012018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3311361333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#RGPIN-2014-06309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W213060156","https://openalex.org/W884650706","https://openalex.org/W1020953626","https://openalex.org/W1479963486","https://openalex.org/W1502938161","https://openalex.org/W1504716054","https://openalex.org/W1516414310","https://openalex.org/W1521554751","https://openalex.org/W1523281138","https://openalex.org/W1531848040","https://openalex.org/W1584926591","https://openalex.org/W1813708961","https://openalex.org/W1874694348","https://openalex.org/W1912392752","https://openalex.org/W1913975410","https://openalex.org/W1916693793","https://openalex.org/W1981830842","https://openalex.org/W1989826169","https://openalex.org/W1994022095","https://openalex.org/W1998135728","https://openalex.org/W2001458422","https://openalex.org/W2002083291","https://openalex.org/W2021053884","https://openalex.org/W2026729066","https://openalex.org/W2029654180","https://openalex.org/W2041783407","https://openalex.org/W2049335983","https://openalex.org/W2060205664","https://openalex.org/W2091833930","https://openalex.org/W2100108891","https://openalex.org/W2102664288","https://openalex.org/W2106814120","https://openalex.org/W2108614537","https://openalex.org/W2132774043","https://openalex.org/W2157479314","https://openalex.org/W2163819624","https://openalex.org/W2165829871","https://openalex.org/W2167252678","https://openalex.org/W2273457870","https://openalex.org/W2327525319","https://openalex.org/W2399429828","https://openalex.org/W2401005551","https://openalex.org/W2493438314","https://openalex.org/W2815307792","https://openalex.org/W2892118767","https://openalex.org/W2952574282","https://openalex.org/W2964243445","https://openalex.org/W2969225252","https://openalex.org/W3098004813","https://openalex.org/W4206275846","https://openalex.org/W4235520738","https://openalex.org/W4253665446","https://openalex.org/W6626531096","https://openalex.org/W6628707120","https://openalex.org/W6630973267","https://openalex.org/W6631352396","https://openalex.org/W6631896388","https://openalex.org/W6635079931","https://openalex.org/W6665577251","https://openalex.org/W7055965143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154140103","https://openalex.org/W4287646313","https://openalex.org/W3091307163","https://openalex.org/W2963323630","https://openalex.org/W2950225550","https://openalex.org/W603871127","https://openalex.org/W2793716388","https://openalex.org/W2089136440","https://openalex.org/W4382365077","https://openalex.org/W3014052140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"drawing":[1],"readability":[2,17],"metrics":[3,18,27,60,83,128,179,200],"are":[4],"routinely":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,41,118,126],"assess":[8],"and":[9,76,95,97,108,139,148,152,164,183,196,212,219],"create":[10],"node-link":[11],"layouts":[12,214],"of":[13,45,70,88,93,112,133,160,176,186,205,225],"network":[14],"data.":[15],"Existing":[16],"fall":[19],"short":[20],"in":[21,52,90,142],"three":[22],"ways.":[23],"The":[24],"many":[25],"count-based":[26],"such":[28,73],"as":[29,74,119],"edge-edge":[30,140],"or":[31],"node-edge":[32],"crossings":[33,94],"simply":[34],"provide":[35],"integer":[36],"counts,":[37],"missing":[38],"the":[39,43,68,86,91,103,106,109,113,131,158,177,187,190],"opportunity":[40],"quantify":[42],"amount":[44],"overlap":[46],"between":[47,105,136],"items,":[48],"which":[49,115],"may":[50],"vary":[51],"size,":[53],"at":[54],"a":[55,161,169,181],"more":[56],"fine-grained":[57],"level.":[58],"Current":[59],"focus":[61,84],"solely":[62],"on":[63,85],"single-level":[64],"topological":[65],"structure,":[66],"ignoring":[67],"possibility":[69],"multi-level":[71],"structure":[72],"large":[75],"thus":[77],"highly":[78],"salient":[79],"metanodes.":[80],"Most":[81],"current":[82],"measurement":[87],"clutter":[89,107,127,167],"form":[92],"overlaps,":[96],"do":[98],"not":[99],"take":[100],"into":[101],"account":[102],"trade-off":[104],"information":[110],"sparsity":[111],"drawing,":[114],"we":[116],"refer":[117],"sprawl.":[120],"We":[121,156,172,194],"propose":[122],"an":[123,165,174],"area-aware":[124,166],"approach":[125],"that":[129],"tracks":[130],"extent":[132],"geometric":[134],"overlaps":[135],"node-node,":[137],"node-edge,":[138],"pairs":[141],"detail.":[143],"It":[144],"handles":[145],"variable-size":[146],"nodes":[147,154],"explicitly":[149],"treats":[150],"metanodes":[151],"leaf":[153],"uniformly.":[155],"call":[157],"combination":[159],"sprawl":[162],"metric":[163,168],"sprawlter":[170,178],"metric.":[171],"present":[173],"instantiation":[175],"featuring":[180],"formal":[182],"thorough":[184],"discussion":[185],"crucial":[188],"component,":[189],"penalty":[191],"mapping":[192],"function.":[193],"implement":[195],"validate":[197],"our":[198],"proposed":[199],"with":[201],"extensive":[202],"computational":[203],"analysis":[204],"graph":[206],"layouts,":[207],"considering":[208],"four":[209],"layout":[210],"algorithms":[211],"56":[213],"encompassing":[215],"both":[216],"real-world":[217],"data":[218],"synthetic":[220],"examples":[221],"illustrating":[222],"specific":[223],"configurations":[224],"interest.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}