{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921301984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2903946","title":"Visual Exploration of Neural Document Embedding in Information Retrieval: Semantics and Feature Selection","display_name":"Visual Exploration of Neural Document Embedding in Information Retrieval: Semantics and Feature Selection","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921301984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2903946","mag":"2921301984","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30892213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2019.2903946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2903946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035139556","display_name":"Xiaonan Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-5031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065630217","display_name":"Han\u2010Wei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-2320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han-Wei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039096905","display_name":"Alan Ritter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Ritter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002832419","display_name":"Raghu Machiraju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-8119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghu Machiraju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001087917","display_name":"Po\u2010Yin Yen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-4185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Yin Yen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95243041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"2181","last_page":"2192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.954200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8449544906616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6895010471343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5716168880462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5530779361724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5088891983032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analytics","display_name":"Visual analytics","score":0.4808419644832611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4604398012161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.44647490978240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4363708198070526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42407259345054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.41419732570648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.3468817472457886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8449544906616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6895010471343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5716168880462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5530779361724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5088891983032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59732488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528440","display_name":"Visual analytics","level":3,"score":0.4808419644832611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4604398012161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.44647490978240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4363708198070526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42407259345054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.41419732570648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3468817472457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2019.2903946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2903946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30892213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30892213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G177538322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R03 HS025047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4103703872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R03HS025047-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309374","display_name":"Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311397","display_name":"Western Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wn7r715"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321125","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168362576","https://openalex.org/W941230081","https://openalex.org/W1486649854","https://openalex.org/W1601924930","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1915551841","https://openalex.org/W1951216520","https://openalex.org/W1990086701","https://openalex.org/W1990293817","https://openalex.org/W2115977463","https://openalex.org/W2130154693","https://openalex.org/W2130438374","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2133286915","https://openalex.org/W2142920810","https://openalex.org/W2271328876","https://openalex.org/W2343061342","https://openalex.org/W2468613466","https://openalex.org/W2489939112","https://openalex.org/W2512177572","https://openalex.org/W2512304460","https://openalex.org/W2517066960","https://openalex.org/W2553981914","https://openalex.org/W2554600978","https://openalex.org/W2583170832","https://openalex.org/W2585950056","https://openalex.org/W2587019100","https://openalex.org/W2597655663","https://openalex.org/W2598010724","https://openalex.org/W2604652676","https://openalex.org/W2607223307","https://openalex.org/W2751627669","https://openalex.org/W2752194699","https://openalex.org/W2761926807","https://openalex.org/W2786746995","https://openalex.org/W2799124508","https://openalex.org/W2804604520","https://openalex.org/W2805931645","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2963123635","https://openalex.org/W2963804993","https://openalex.org/W4294493961","https://openalex.org/W6624664881","https://openalex.org/W6629028937","https://openalex.org/W6636133922","https://openalex.org/W6639204139","https://openalex.org/W6640820311","https://openalex.org/W6679775712","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6720067965","https://openalex.org/W6730169232","https://openalex.org/W6730291935","https://openalex.org/W6733081445","https://openalex.org/W6735377749","https://openalex.org/W6736514301","https://openalex.org/W6747912157","https://openalex.org/W6750755541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W3111219495","https://openalex.org/W2183306018","https://openalex.org/W2549990292","https://openalex.org/W2345479200","https://openalex.org/W2951819827","https://openalex.org/W2849310602","https://openalex.org/W2419146053","https://openalex.org/W3006008237","https://openalex.org/W2088247287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"embeddings":[1,117],"are":[2,52],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,76,96,176,191,203],"language":[6],"modeling":[7],"and":[8,54,72,99,106,123,126,135,144,147,167,172,189,195],"feature":[9,150],"generation":[10],"with":[11,101,155],"superior":[12],"computational":[13],"power.":[14],"Particularly,":[15],"neural":[16,61,115,132,138,192],"document":[17,62,116,121,193],"embedding":[18,63,70,133],"-":[19,28],"converting":[20],"texts":[21],"of":[22,60,169,184],"variable-length":[23],"to":[24,31,47,64,104,129,159,198],"semantic":[25],"vector":[26],"representations":[27],"has":[29],"shown":[30],"benefit":[32],"widespread":[33],"downstream":[34,185],"applications,":[35],"e.g.,":[36],"information":[37],"retrieval":[38],"(IR).":[39],"However,":[40],"the":[41,50,68,74,131,165],"black-box":[42],"nature":[43],"makes":[44],"it":[45],"difficult":[46],"understand":[48],"how":[49],"semantics":[51],"encoded":[53],"employed.":[55],"We":[56,163],"propose":[57],"visual":[58,109,157],"exploration":[59],"gain":[65,187],"insights":[66,188],"into":[67],"underlying":[69],"space,":[71],"promote":[73,160],"utilization":[75],"prevalent":[77],"IR":[78,86,95,161],"applications.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81,170],"study,":[82],"we":[83],"take":[84],"an":[85],"application-driven":[87],"view,":[88],"which":[89],"is":[90],"further":[91],"motivated":[92],"by":[93],"biomedical":[94],"healthcare":[97],"decision-making,":[98],"collaborate":[100],"domain":[102,145],"experts":[103],"design":[105],"develop":[107],"a":[108,119],"analytics":[110],"system.":[111],"This":[112,179],"system":[113,171],"visualizes":[114],"as":[118],"configurable":[120],"map":[122],"enables":[124],"guidance":[125],"reasoning;":[127],"facilitates":[128],"explore":[130],"space":[134],"identify":[136],"salient":[137],"dimensions":[139],"(semantic":[140,152],"features)":[141],"per":[142],"task":[143],"interest;":[146],"supports":[148],"advisable":[149],"selection":[151],"analysis)":[153],"along":[154],"instant":[156],"feedback":[158],"performance.":[162],"demonstrate":[164],"usefulness":[166],"effectiveness":[168],"present":[173],"inspiring":[174],"findings":[175],"use":[177],"cases.":[178],"work":[180],"will":[181],"help":[182],"designers/developers":[183],"applications":[186],"confidence":[190],"embedding,":[194],"exploit":[196],"that":[197],"achieve":[199],"more":[200],"favorable":[201],"performance":[202],"application":[204],"domains.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
