{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920768438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2901881","title":"Using Microsaccades to Estimate Task Difficulty During Visual Search of Layered Surfaces","display_name":"Using Microsaccades to Estimate Task Difficulty During Visual Search of Layered Surfaces","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920768438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2901881","mag":"2920768438","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30835226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2019.2901881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2901881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052806584","display_name":"Andrew T. Duchowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-7878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew T. Duchowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, USA","School of Computing, Clemson University,Clemson,SC,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Clemson University,Clemson,SC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058416710","display_name":"Krzysztof Krejtz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9558-3039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36685595","display_name":"Uniwersytet SWPS","ror":"https://ror.org/0407f1r36","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36685595"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Krejtz","raw_affiliation_strings":["SWPS University of Social Sciences & Humanities, Warsaw, Poland","SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SWPS University of Social Sciences & Humanities, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36685595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36685595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065303526","display_name":"Justyna \u017burawska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4800-1171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36685595","display_name":"Uniwersytet SWPS","ror":"https://ror.org/0407f1r36","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36685595"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justyna Zurawska","raw_affiliation_strings":["SWPS University of Social Sciences & Humanities, Warsaw, Poland","SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SWPS University of Social Sciences & Humanities, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36685595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36685595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048743653","display_name":"Donald H. House","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-4640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald H. House","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, USA","School of Computing, Clemson University,Clemson,SC,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Clemson University,Clemson,SC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052806584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91310393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"9","first_page":"2904","last_page":"2918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9679999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsaccade","display_name":"Microsaccade","score":0.9473229646682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6756728291511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6212606430053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-search","display_name":"Visual search","score":0.6091084480285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5256544351577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4738752543926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.35200947523117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33030515909194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32624149322509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2607477903366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.12047278881072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09395471215248108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48217996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316935","display_name":"Microsaccade","level":4,"score":0.9473229646682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6756728291511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6212606430053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.6091084480285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5256544351577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4738752543926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.35200947523117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33030515909194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32624149322509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2607477903366089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.12047278881072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09395471215248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11054436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7396580","display_name":"Saccadic masking","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2019.2901881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2901881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30835226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30835226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2850297408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1748380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","funder_display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/053a2cp42"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31257946","https://openalex.org/W124457435","https://openalex.org/W143154114","https://openalex.org/W1516387912","https://openalex.org/W1517003397","https://openalex.org/W1835853225","https://openalex.org/W1960419492","https://openalex.org/W1964694219","https://openalex.org/W1965305672","https://openalex.org/W1968267014","https://openalex.org/W1974085486","https://openalex.org/W1976105143","https://openalex.org/W1976109055","https://openalex.org/W1976580685","https://openalex.org/W1985270055","https://openalex.org/W1994418075","https://openalex.org/W1998128851","https://openalex.org/W2004331043","https://openalex.org/W2006938624","https://openalex.org/W2007163867","https://openalex.org/W2016045532","https://openalex.org/W2019881187","https://openalex.org/W2020231959","https://openalex.org/W2021834012","https://openalex.org/W2027051510","https://openalex.org/W2030793935","https://openalex.org/W2033198735","https://openalex.org/W2036530483","https://openalex.org/W2036647515","https://openalex.org/W2054040590","https://openalex.org/W2057526499","https://openalex.org/W2061539227","https://openalex.org/W2068769056","https://openalex.org/W2074987847","https://openalex.org/W2080000582","https://openalex.org/W2086565146","https://openalex.org/W2091507572","https://openalex.org/W2101636354","https://openalex.org/W2107589135","https://openalex.org/W2109606373","https://openalex.org/W2114556632","https://openalex.org/W2120985159","https://openalex.org/W2131673249","https://openalex.org/W2133090549","https://openalex.org/W2139551810","https://openalex.org/W2153076044","https://openalex.org/W2155417171","https://openalex.org/W2165734742","https://openalex.org/W2184988498","https://openalex.org/W2185159636","https://openalex.org/W2185494336","https://openalex.org/W2297842349","https://openalex.org/W2344199760","https://openalex.org/W2346312659","https://openalex.org/W2391995712","https://openalex.org/W2520852048","https://openalex.org/W2575023423","https://openalex.org/W2584184887","https://openalex.org/W2588543737","https://openalex.org/W2593429293","https://openalex.org/W2760345081","https://openalex.org/W2784328625","https://openalex.org/W2784791417","https://openalex.org/W2786051348","https://openalex.org/W2787791465","https://openalex.org/W2799377814","https://openalex.org/W2800528923","https://openalex.org/W2805444747","https://openalex.org/W2889031817","https://openalex.org/W2890656423","https://openalex.org/W3080898489","https://openalex.org/W6686759063","https://openalex.org/W6697509588","https://openalex.org/W6745151508","https://openalex.org/W6748271098","https://openalex.org/W6748441020","https://openalex.org/W6781959293","https://openalex.org/W6999434154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2681723313","https://openalex.org/W2070426425","https://openalex.org/W1973636536","https://openalex.org/W2089427997","https://openalex.org/W1966778415","https://openalex.org/W2997261824","https://openalex.org/W2019881187","https://openalex.org/W4253808094","https://openalex.org/W2585467074","https://openalex.org/W1572995888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,38,67,88,130,155],"develop":[1],"an":[2,75,175],"approach":[3,76],"to":[4,61,77,127],"using":[5],"microsaccade":[6,36,123,141,147,164],"dynamics":[7],"for":[8,50,122],"the":[9,58,65,80,134,158,178,187],"measurement":[10],"of":[11,21,85,93,137,161,177,180],"task":[12,20,31,128,153,185,188],"difficulty/cognitive":[13,32],"load":[14,33],"imposed":[15],"by":[16,99],"a":[17,22,54,100,119,184],"visual":[18,48,86,94,138],"search":[19,49,139],"layered":[23],"surface.":[24],"Previous":[25],"studies":[26],"provide":[27,174],"converging":[28],"evidence":[29],"that":[30,90,132,157,173],"can":[34,96],"influence":[35],"activity.":[37],"corroborate":[39],"this":[40,45,91],"notion.":[41],"Specifically,":[42],"we":[43,73,111],"explore":[44],"relationship":[46],"during":[47,64,133],"features":[51],"embedded":[52],"in":[53,125,169],"terrain-like":[55],"surface,":[56],"with":[57,151],"eyes":[59],"allowed":[60],"move":[62],"freely":[63],"task.":[66],"make":[68],"two":[69],"relevant":[70],"contributions.":[71],"First,":[72],"validate":[74],"distinguishing":[78],"between":[79],"ambient":[81],"and":[82,145,163],"focal":[83,135],"phases":[84],"search.":[87],"show":[89],"spectrum":[92],"behavior":[95],"be":[97,167],"quantified":[98],"single":[101],"previously":[102],"reported":[103],"estimator,":[104],"known":[105],"as":[106,118],"Krejtz's":[107],"K":[108,117,162],"coefficient.":[109],"Second,":[110],"use":[112,160],"ambient/focal":[113],"segments":[114],"based":[115],"on":[116],"moderating":[120],"factor":[121],"analysis":[124,165],"response":[126],"difficulty.":[129,154],"find":[131],"phase":[136],"(a)":[140],"magnitude":[142],"increases":[143],"significantly,":[144,150],"(b)":[146],"rate":[148],"decreases":[149],"increased":[152],"conclude":[156],"combined":[159],"may":[166],"helpful":[168],"building":[170],"effective":[171],"tools":[172],"indication":[176],"level":[179],"cognitive":[181],"activity":[182],"within":[183],"while":[186],"is":[189],"being":[190],"performed.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
