{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2887976008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2018.2865194","title":"DimReader: Axis lines that explain non-linear projections","display_name":"DimReader: Axis lines that explain non-linear projections","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2887976008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2018.2865194","mag":"2887976008","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30136997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2018.2865194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2018.2865194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.00992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037711609","display_name":"Rebecca Faust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-1287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Faust","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039063170","display_name":"David Glickenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-0973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Glickenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035997603","display_name":"Carlos Scheidegger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9163-6136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Scheidegger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93108404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"481","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9567999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7831522822380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6759655475616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.6682488322257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.5890175104141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infinitesimal","display_name":"Infinitesimal","score":0.5318308472633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5296618342399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5019471645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.4847566783428192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.47065630555152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4705372750759125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.45149585604667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.436912477016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4306217432022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4271157383918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.4162302017211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4063267707824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38902801275253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32922595739364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1661466360092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09135499596595764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7831522822380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6759655475616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6682488322257996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.5890175104141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91229774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193885","display_name":"Infinitesimal","level":2,"score":0.5318308472633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5296618342399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5019471645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.4847566783428192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.47065630555152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4705372750759125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.45149585604667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.436912477016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4306217432022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4271157383918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.4162302017211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4063267707824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38902801275253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32922595739364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1661466360092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09135499596595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2018.2865194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2018.2865194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30136997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30136997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1710.00992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.00992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.00992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1710.00992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.00992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.00992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28497270","https://openalex.org/W814282759","https://openalex.org/W1571401318","https://openalex.org/W1585773866","https://openalex.org/W1598942666","https://openalex.org/W1893905004","https://openalex.org/W1945230793","https://openalex.org/W1964971935","https://openalex.org/W1975170603","https://openalex.org/W1987269142","https://openalex.org/W1998613841","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2015755066","https://openalex.org/W2025394193","https://openalex.org/W2027714334","https://openalex.org/W2027855569","https://openalex.org/W2037133710","https://openalex.org/W2050674259","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2070626686","https://openalex.org/W2073800769","https://openalex.org/W2077572712","https://openalex.org/W2088323702","https://openalex.org/W2094840417","https://openalex.org/W2098841537","https://openalex.org/W2102323492","https://openalex.org/W2104277667","https://openalex.org/W2128021408","https://openalex.org/W2137224043","https://openalex.org/W2145519405","https://openalex.org/W2146292423","https://openalex.org/W2151933245","https://openalex.org/W2154699792","https://openalex.org/W2156838815","https://openalex.org/W2161219366","https://openalex.org/W2162825485","https://openalex.org/W2163825541","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2220259229","https://openalex.org/W2241801086","https://openalex.org/W2319824271","https://openalex.org/W2322815201","https://openalex.org/W2478429860","https://openalex.org/W2517066960","https://openalex.org/W2542768043","https://openalex.org/W2595142274","https://openalex.org/W2660674426","https://openalex.org/W2795850430","https://openalex.org/W2902588880","https://openalex.org/W2949734647","https://openalex.org/W2951111372","https://openalex.org/W3099839986","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W3149684929","https://openalex.org/W3183766709","https://openalex.org/W4210311910","https://openalex.org/W4233620411","https://openalex.org/W4234731922","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W6675807900","https://openalex.org/W6739698863","https://openalex.org/W6749988447","https://openalex.org/W7001912067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W1484111231","https://openalex.org/W1552543208","https://openalex.org/W2074396517","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W2187269125","https://openalex.org/W1641615907","https://openalex.org/W3089231081","https://openalex.org/W2093956241","https://openalex.org/W2354420595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-linear":[0],"dimensionality":[1],"reduction":[2],"(NDR)":[3],"methods":[4,102,143],"such":[5,38],"as":[6],"LLE":[7],"and":[8,15,71,123,144,148,150,169],"t-SNE":[9],"are":[10,86],"popular":[11],"with":[12,50,90],"visualization":[13],"researchers":[14],"experienced":[16],"data":[17,109],"analysts,":[18],"but":[19],"present":[20,29,101,134],"serious":[21],"problems":[22],"of":[23,47,54,96,118,136,141,166],"interpretation.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28,61,72,163],"DimReader,":[30],"a":[31,139],"technique":[32],"that":[33,76,110],"recovers":[34],"readable":[35],"axes":[36,85],"from":[37],"techniques.":[39],"DimReader":[40,137],"is":[41,121,174],"based":[42],"on":[43,80,106,138],"analyzing":[44],"infinitesimal":[45],"perturbations":[46,57,105,120],"the":[48,68,74,81,91,107,112,114,119],"dataset":[49,70],"respect":[51],"to":[52,63,157],"variables":[53],"interest.":[55],"The":[56,83,116],"define":[58],"exactly":[59],"how":[60,152],"want":[62],"change":[64,111],"each":[65],"point":[66],"in":[67,87,129],"original":[69],"measure":[73],"effect":[75],"these":[77],"changes":[78],"have":[79],"projection.":[82],"recovered":[84],"direct":[88],"analogy":[89],"axis":[92],"lines":[93],"(grid":[94],"lines)":[95],"traditional":[97],"scatterplots.":[98],"We":[99,133],"also":[100],"for":[103],"discovering":[104],"input":[108],"projection":[113],"most.":[115],"calculation":[117],"efficient":[122],"easily":[124],"integrated":[125],"into":[126],"programs":[127],"written":[128],"modern":[130],"programming":[131],"languages.":[132],"results":[135],"variety":[140],"NDR":[142,160],"datasets":[145],"both":[146],"synthetic":[147],"real-life,":[149],"show":[151],"it":[153],"can":[154],"be":[155],"used":[156],"compare":[158],"different":[159],"methods.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"discuss":[164],"limitations":[165],"our":[167],"proposal":[168],"situations":[170],"where":[171],"further":[172],"research":[173],"needed.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
