{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2752885354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2017.2743979","title":"Screen-Space Normal Distribution Function Caching for Consistent Multi-Resolution Rendering of Large Particle Data","display_name":"Screen-Space Normal Distribution Function Caching for Consistent Multi-Resolution Rendering of Large Particle Data","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2752885354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2017.2743979","mag":"2752885354","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28866508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2017.2743979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2017.2743979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049765565","display_name":"Mohamed Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3559-3761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042543694","display_name":"Patrick Wickenh\u00e4user","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Wickenhauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visualization Research Center (VISUS), University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visualization Research Center (VISUS), University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072700322","display_name":"Peter Rautek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4821-7404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Rautek","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087317081","display_name":"Guido Reina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4127-1897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Reina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visualization Research Center (VISUS), University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visualization Research Center (VISUS), University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008754293","display_name":"Markus Hadwiger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Hadwiger","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049765565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88372924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"944","last_page":"953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7937190532684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.74181067943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoom","display_name":"Zoom","score":0.6751685738563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactive-visualization","display_name":"Interactive visualization","score":0.6214484572410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5733170509338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5054664611816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.46346205472946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3447628617286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24946457147598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10353738069534302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7937190532684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.74181067943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124913957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232548","display_name":"Zoom","level":3,"score":0.6751685738563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64073096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Interactive visualization","level":3,"score":0.6214484572410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5733170509338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5054664611816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.46346205472946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3447628617286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24946457147598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10353738069534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2017.2743979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2017.2743979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28866508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28866508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/625429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/625429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2055827693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFB 716","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308022","funder_display_name":"California Department of Fish and Game"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106512922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6024419964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6052429835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(DFG)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G808700854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFB 716","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308022","display_name":"California Department of Fish and Game","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6w2r95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145293885","https://openalex.org/W170299757","https://openalex.org/W1027454279","https://openalex.org/W1480146631","https://openalex.org/W1486787228","https://openalex.org/W1573951906","https://openalex.org/W1795317243","https://openalex.org/W1949393069","https://openalex.org/W1966537360","https://openalex.org/W1985999741","https://openalex.org/W1987698555","https://openalex.org/W1994982193","https://openalex.org/W1996061517","https://openalex.org/W2009886804","https://openalex.org/W2010811529","https://openalex.org/W2042171429","https://openalex.org/W2083125194","https://openalex.org/W2093301923","https://openalex.org/W2099272828","https://openalex.org/W2104074610","https://openalex.org/W2104290891","https://openalex.org/W2110457937","https://openalex.org/W2121498664","https://openalex.org/W2122337603","https://openalex.org/W2142380402","https://openalex.org/W2145451141","https://openalex.org/W2146410861","https://openalex.org/W2149257403","https://openalex.org/W2151391085","https://openalex.org/W2151882909","https://openalex.org/W2161446118","https://openalex.org/W2171111395","https://openalex.org/W2290080672","https://openalex.org/W2291468715","https://openalex.org/W2294294220","https://openalex.org/W2295329974","https://openalex.org/W2295965681","https://openalex.org/W2510494910","https://openalex.org/W2962742941","https://openalex.org/W3137288588","https://openalex.org/W6605855524","https://openalex.org/W6626681763","https://openalex.org/W6628853308","https://openalex.org/W6629281901","https://openalex.org/W6634186592","https://openalex.org/W6681839211","https://openalex.org/W6682183421","https://openalex.org/W6696526747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397912953","https://openalex.org/W2124439461","https://openalex.org/W2367434614","https://openalex.org/W2099004500","https://openalex.org/W2077708435","https://openalex.org/W4376115546","https://openalex.org/W4243167425","https://openalex.org/W1992884771","https://openalex.org/W4206603469","https://openalex.org/W4388994528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Molecular":[0],"dynamics":[1],"(MD)":[2],"simulations":[3,43],"are":[4,17],"crucial":[5],"to":[6,71,129,145,174],"investigating":[7],"important":[8],"processes":[9],"in":[10,37,133,152,194],"physics":[11],"and":[12,29,67,165],"thermodynamics.":[13],"The":[14],"simulated":[15],"atoms":[16],"usually":[18,55],"visualized":[19],"as":[20,168,170],"hard":[21],"spheres":[22],"with":[23,44],"Phong":[24],"shading,":[25],"where":[26],"individual":[27],"particles":[28,47],"their":[30],"local":[31],"density":[32],"can":[33,79],"be":[34],"perceived":[35],"well":[36,169],"close-up":[38],"views.":[39],"However,":[40],"for":[41,94,117],"large-scale":[42,95,190],"10":[45],"million":[46],"or":[48],"more,":[49],"the":[50,62,75,108,122,176,185],"visualization":[51,92],"of":[52,74,111,124,188],"large":[53],"fields-of-view":[54],"suffers":[56],"from":[57],"strong":[58],"aliasing":[59,100],"artifacts,":[60],"because":[61],"mismatch":[63],"between":[64],"data":[65,97,193],"size":[66],"output":[68],"resolution":[69],"leads":[70],"severe":[72],"under-sampling":[73],"geometry.":[76],"Excessive":[77],"super-sampling":[78],"alleviate":[80],"this":[81],"problem,":[82],"but":[83],"is":[84],"prohibitively":[85],"expensive.":[86],"This":[87],"paper":[88],"presents":[89],"a":[90,130,153],"novel":[91,109],"method":[93,183],"particle":[96,118,177],"that":[98,127],"addresses":[99],"while":[101],"enabling":[102],"interactive":[103,147,186],"high-quality":[104,138],"rendering.":[105],"We":[106,179],"introduce":[107],"concept":[110],"screen-space":[112,154],"normal":[113],"distribution":[114,123],"functions":[115],"(S-NDFs)":[116],"data.":[119,178],"S-NDFs":[120,151],"represent":[121],"surface":[125],"normals":[126],"map":[128],"given":[131],"pixel":[132],"screen":[134],"space,":[135],"which":[136],"enables":[137],"re-lighting":[139,164],"without":[140,172],"re-rendering":[141],"particles.":[142],"In":[143],"order":[144],"facilitate":[146],"zooming,":[148,171],"we":[149],"cache":[150],"mipmap":[155],"(S-MIP).":[156],"Together,":[157],"these":[158],"two":[159],"concepts":[160],"enable":[161],"interactive,":[162],"scale-consistent":[163],"shading":[166],"changes,":[167],"having":[173],"re-sample":[175],"show":[180],"how":[181],"our":[182],"facilitates":[184],"exploration":[187],"real-world":[189],"MD":[191],"simulation":[192],"different":[195],"scenarios.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}