{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2514496145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598862","title":"Map LineUps: Effects of spatial structure on graphical inference","display_name":"Map LineUps: Effects of spatial structure on graphical inference","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2514496145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598862","mag":"2514496145","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27875155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/15119/1/maplineups.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089220047","display_name":"Roger Beecham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-7251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Beecham","raw_affiliation_strings":["giCentre, City University London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"giCentre, City University London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079369129","display_name":"Jason Dykes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8096-5763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Dykes","raw_affiliation_strings":["giCentre, City University London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"giCentre, City University London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062614232","display_name":"Wouter Meulemans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-3400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter Meulemans","raw_affiliation_strings":["giCentre, City University London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"giCentre, City University London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071681891","display_name":"Aidan Slingsby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3941-553X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aidan Slingsby","raw_affiliation_strings":["giCentre, City University London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"giCentre, City University London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065040154","display_name":"\u00c7a\u011fatay Turkay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-251X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cagatay Turkay","raw_affiliation_strings":["giCentre, City University London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"giCentre, City University London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048992354","display_name":"Jo Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-247X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["giCentre, City University London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"giCentre, City University London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92592889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"391","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.6957613229751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.6530743837356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6318374872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5502533912658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.5331629514694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference","display_name":"Statistical inference","score":0.5314034223556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null-hypothesis","display_name":"Null hypothesis","score":0.5089445114135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.44857677817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.44643744826316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41305214166641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.4128165543079376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3839724063873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.32444462180137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2585952579975128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.19467684626579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11325159668922424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6957613229751587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6530743837356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6318374872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5502533912658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.5331629514694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.5314034223556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191988596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628374","display_name":"Null hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.5089445114135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.44857677817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.44643744826316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41305214166641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.4128165543079376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3839724063873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.32444462180137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2585952579975128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.19467684626579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11325159668922424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":11,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27875155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27875155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:123930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:15119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/roger=2Ebeecham=2E1.html>,","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/15119/1/maplineups.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/12141c4e-f399-4b19-9ef5-01827001a4d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/12141c4e-f399-4b19-9ef5-01827001a4d0","pdf_url":"https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/64554211/maplineups.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Beecham, R, Dykes, J, Meulemans, W, Slingsby, A, Turkay, C & Wood, J 2017, 'Map LineUps: effects of spatial structure on graphical inference', IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 23, no. 1, 7539286, pp. 391-400. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2598862","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:865515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://library.tue.nl/csp/dare/LinkToRepository.csp?recordnumber=865515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1077-2626","raw_type":"Article / Letter to the editor"},{"id":"pmh:881702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://library.tue.nl/csp/dare/LinkToRepository.csp?recordnumber=881702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1077-2626","raw_type":"Article / Letter to the editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.tue.nl:865515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.tue.nl/865515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1077-2626","raw_type":"Article / Letter to the editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.tue.nl:881702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.tue.nl/881702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN:1077-2626","raw_type":"Article / Letter to the editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:116928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/116928/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/12141c4e-f399-4b19-9ef5-01827001a4d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/12141c4e-f399-4b19-9ef5-01827001a4d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 23(1):7539286, 391 - 400. IEEE Computer Society","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:15119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/roger=2Ebeecham=2E1.html>,","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/15119/1/maplineups.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311736","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2514496145.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2514496145.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218016492","https://openalex.org/W594503987","https://openalex.org/W1506583902","https://openalex.org/W1566404621","https://openalex.org/W1915980318","https://openalex.org/W1948497384","https://openalex.org/W1949897911","https://openalex.org/W1970196847","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1988872213","https://openalex.org/W2032293917","https://openalex.org/W2043523210","https://openalex.org/W2052611179","https://openalex.org/W2060806362","https://openalex.org/W2065635481","https://openalex.org/W2105753174","https://openalex.org/W2112179747","https://openalex.org/W2114566476","https://openalex.org/W2169112940","https://openalex.org/W2478338686","https://openalex.org/W6661527498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367313141","https://openalex.org/W2733999579","https://openalex.org/W2910751785","https://openalex.org/W2110217573","https://openalex.org/W4366547507","https://openalex.org/W4283374591","https://openalex.org/W2004086023","https://openalex.org/W4301373648","https://openalex.org/W1969750563","https://openalex.org/W2283715377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fundamental":[0],"to":[1,36,112,147,173,188,231],"the":[2,14,21,38,89,114,159,170,227],"effective":[3],"use":[4],"of":[5,23,92,108,121,124,162,178,221,229,235],"visualization":[6],"as":[7,59,84,101],"an":[8,214,218],"analytic":[9],"and":[10,69,134,158,203,226],"descriptive":[11],"tool":[12],"is":[13],"assurance":[15],"that":[16,144],"presenting":[17],"data":[18],"visually":[19],"provides":[20],"capability":[22],"making":[24,44],"inferences":[25,46],"from":[26,47],"what":[27],"we":[28,40,96],"see.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"explores":[32],"two":[33],"related":[34],"approaches":[35],"quantifying":[37],"confidence":[39],"may":[41],"have":[42],"in":[43,138,150,191],"visual":[45,176,222],"mapped":[48],"geospatial":[49,182,233],"data.":[50,183],"We":[51,104],"adapt":[52],"Wickham":[53],"et":[54,196,200],"al.'s":[55],"'Visual":[56],"Line-up'":[57],"method":[58],"a":[60,71,85,106,175],"direct":[61],"analogy":[62],"with":[63,154],"Null":[64],"Hypothesis":[65],"Significance":[66],"Testing":[67],"(NHST)":[68],"propose":[70,97],"new":[72],"approach":[73],"for":[74,128,169,181,208,217,224],"generating":[75],"more":[76],"credible":[77],"spatial":[78,86,94,129,139,151],"null":[79,87],"hypotheses.":[80],"Rather":[81],"than":[82],"using":[83],"hypothesis":[88],"unrealistic":[90],"assumption":[91],"complete":[93],"randomness,":[95],"spatially":[98],"autocorrelated":[99],"simulations":[100],"alternative":[102],"nulls.":[103],"conduct":[105],"set":[107],"crowdsourced":[109],"experiments":[110],"(n=361)":[111],"determine":[113],"just":[115],"noticeable":[116],"difference":[117],"(JND)":[118],"between":[119],"pairs":[120],"choropleth":[122],"maps":[123,225],"geographic":[125,163],"units":[126],"controlling":[127],"autocorrelation":[130,152,156],"(Moran's":[131],"I":[132],"statistic)":[133],"geometric":[135,160],"configuration":[136,161],"(variance":[137],"unit":[140],"area).":[141],"Results":[142],"indicate":[143],"people's":[145],"abilities":[146],"perceive":[148],"differences":[149],"vary":[153],"baseline":[155],"structure":[157],"units.":[164],"These":[165],"results":[166,186],"allow":[167],"us,":[168],"first":[171],"time,":[172],"construct":[174],"equivalent":[177],"statistical":[179],"power":[180],"Our":[184],"JND":[185],"add":[187],"those":[189],"provided":[190],"recent":[192],"years":[193],"by":[194],"Klippel":[195],"al.":[197,201],"(2011),":[198],"Harrison":[199],"(2014)":[202],"Kay":[204],"&":[205],"Heer":[206],"(2015)":[207],"correlation":[209],"visualization.":[210],"Importantly,":[211],"they":[212],"provide":[213],"empirical":[215],"basis":[216],"improved":[219],"construction":[220],"line-ups":[223],"development":[228],"theory":[230],"inform":[232],"tests":[234],"graphical":[236],"inference.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}