{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2507341542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598694","title":"Gaussian Cubes: Real-Time Modeling for Visual Exploration of Large Multidimensional Datasets","display_name":"Gaussian Cubes: Real-Time Modeling for Visual Exploration of Large Multidimensional Datasets","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2507341542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598694","mag":"2507341542","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27875183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017435387","display_name":"Z. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-964X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065868869","display_name":"Nivan Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-4609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nivan Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,  \u00a0"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,  \u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055844239","display_name":"Youhao Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youhao Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063369767","display_name":"Aarthy Sankari Bhaskar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aarthy Sankari Bhaskar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035997603","display_name":"Carlos Scheidegger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9163-6136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Scheidegger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96603799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"681","last_page":"690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.7861043214797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7830483317375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6148477792739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5663877129554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4711377024650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-visualization","display_name":"Data visualization","score":0.47093334794044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4555268883705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.45299646258354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-cube","display_name":"Data cube","score":0.4479946494102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-network-model","display_name":"Gaussian network model","score":0.4311385750770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30209746956825256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09160733222961426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.7861043214797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7830483317375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6148477792739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5663877129554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4711377024650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172367668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956","display_name":"Data visualization","level":3,"score":0.47093334794044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4555268883705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.45299646258354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78168278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227269","display_name":"Data cube","level":2,"score":0.4479946494102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166550679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263400","display_name":"Gaussian network model","level":3,"score":0.4311385750770569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30209746956825256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09160733222961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2016.2598694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27875183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27875183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1557493897","https://openalex.org/W1598636157","https://openalex.org/W1631295847","https://openalex.org/W1968532065","https://openalex.org/W1977810187","https://openalex.org/W1987269142","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W1994178293","https://openalex.org/W2002544066","https://openalex.org/W2003281274","https://openalex.org/W2011437534","https://openalex.org/W2024594469","https://openalex.org/W2047028564","https://openalex.org/W2049859567","https://openalex.org/W2059907446","https://openalex.org/W2070833402","https://openalex.org/W2071989194","https://openalex.org/W2078455576","https://openalex.org/W2081315591","https://openalex.org/W2098376057","https://openalex.org/W2103201239","https://openalex.org/W2115018524","https://openalex.org/W2124199755","https://openalex.org/W2126415191","https://openalex.org/W2132881639","https://openalex.org/W2138722877","https://openalex.org/W2141115795","https://openalex.org/W2141653286","https://openalex.org/W2152762220","https://openalex.org/W2160382748","https://openalex.org/W2161768947","https://openalex.org/W2166363824","https://openalex.org/W2245828441","https://openalex.org/W2296677182","https://openalex.org/W2911591369","https://openalex.org/W3105560634","https://openalex.org/W3215186461","https://openalex.org/W4251617391","https://openalex.org/W4255455317","https://openalex.org/W6642361398","https://openalex.org/W6665585292","https://openalex.org/W6682424397","https://openalex.org/W6758284886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107628111","https://openalex.org/W2394004323","https://openalex.org/W2398764543","https://openalex.org/W2027335291","https://openalex.org/W4210328553","https://openalex.org/W1980417906","https://openalex.org/W2291368067","https://openalex.org/W2059940569","https://openalex.org/W2381113975","https://openalex.org/W2037306524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently":[0],"proposed":[1],"techniques":[2],"have":[3],"finally":[4],"made":[5],"it":[6],"possible":[7],"for":[8,103],"analysts":[9],"to":[10,67,173],"interactively":[11],"explore":[12],"very":[13],"large":[14,136],"datasets":[15],"in":[16,79,123,150,186],"real":[17],"time.":[18],"However":[19],"powerful,":[20],"the":[21,99,104,145,184],"class":[22],"of":[23,85,88,116,120,131,134,183],"analyses":[24],"these":[25],"systems":[26,55,94],"enable":[27],"is":[28,82],"somewhat":[29],"limited:":[30],"specifically,":[31],"one":[32,167],"can":[33,113],"only":[34],"quickly":[35],"obtain":[36],"plots":[37],"such":[38,135],"as":[39],"histograms":[40],"and":[41,71,147,159,171,189],"heatmaps.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"contribute":[47],"Gaussian":[48,80,96,102,111,151,187],"Cubes,":[49,152,188],"which":[50,61],"significantly":[51],"improves":[52],"on":[53],"state-of-the-art":[54,93],"by":[56],"providing":[57],"interactive":[58],"modeling":[59],"capabilities,":[60],"include":[62],"but":[63],"are":[64],"not":[65],"limited":[66],"linear":[68],"least":[69],"squares":[70],"principal":[72],"components":[73],"analysis":[74,148],"(PCA).":[75],"The":[76,162],"fundamental":[77],"insight":[78],"Cubes":[81,97,112],"that":[83,143],"instead":[84],"precomputing":[86],"counts":[87],"many":[89],"data":[90,106,121],"subsets":[91],"(as":[92],"do),":[95],"precomputes":[98],"best":[100],"multivariate":[101],"respective":[105],"subsets.":[107],"As":[108],"an":[109],"example,":[110],"fit":[114],"hundreds":[115],"models":[117],"over":[118],"millions":[119],"points":[122],"well":[124],"under":[125],"a":[126,181],"second,":[127],"enabling":[128],"novel":[129],"types":[130],"visual":[132],"exploration":[133],"datasets.":[137],"We":[138,176],"present":[139,177],"three":[140],"case":[141],"studies":[142],"highlight":[144],"visualization":[146],"capabilities":[149],"using":[153],"earthquake":[154],"safety":[155],"simulations,":[156],"astronomical":[157],"catalogs,":[158],"transportation":[160],"statistics.":[161],"dataset":[163],"sizes":[164],"range":[165],"around":[166],"hundred":[168],"million":[169],"elements":[170],"5":[172],"10":[174],"dimensions.":[175],"extensive":[178],"performance":[179],"results,":[180],"discussion":[182],"limitations":[185],"future":[190],"research":[191],"directions.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}