{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994259711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2015.2391862","title":"Going Through, Going Around: A Study on Individual Avoidance of Groups","display_name":"Going Through, Going Around: A Study on Individual Avoidance of Groups","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994259711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2015.2391862","mag":"1994259711","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26357102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2015.2391862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2015.2391862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075160446","display_name":"Julien Bruneau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133778","display_name":"Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04040yw90","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julien Bruneau","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Rennes, France","Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133778","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004495514","display_name":"Anne\u2010H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Olivier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-020X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133778","display_name":"Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04040yw90","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne-Helene Olivier","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Rennes, France","Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133778","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035791250","display_name":"Julien Pettr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1812-1436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133778","display_name":"Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/04040yw90","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Pettre","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRIA Rennes, France","Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRIA Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133778","https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria-Rennes, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075160446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210133778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98785771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"520","last_page":"528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7203027009963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.707336962223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-simulation","display_name":"Crowd simulation","score":0.6936466693878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5245487689971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.5047100782394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5019967555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5018250942230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48938459157943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.45613935589790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36141449213027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15471693873405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10657301545143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.10075810551643372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7203027009963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.707336962223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45617602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465266","display_name":"Crowd simulation","level":3,"score":0.6936466693878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5245487689971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.5047100782394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5019967555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5018250942230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48938459157943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.45613935589790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36141449213027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15471693873405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10657301545143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10075810551643372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003441","descriptor_name":"Crowding","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003441","descriptor_name":"Crowding","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003441","descriptor_name":"Crowding","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2015.2391862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2015.2391862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26357102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26357102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01149960v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01149960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2015, 21 (4), pp.9. ⟨10.1109/TVCG.2015.2391862⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192397481","https://openalex.org/W192919555","https://openalex.org/W1481402712","https://openalex.org/W1552433757","https://openalex.org/W1555079265","https://openalex.org/W1807405829","https://openalex.org/W1888172398","https://openalex.org/W1945904285","https://openalex.org/W1970723775","https://openalex.org/W1987811832","https://openalex.org/W2026972188","https://openalex.org/W2028662176","https://openalex.org/W2033837003","https://openalex.org/W2048763761","https://openalex.org/W2049135373","https://openalex.org/W2051273800","https://openalex.org/W2053190739","https://openalex.org/W2079656678","https://openalex.org/W2081509522","https://openalex.org/W2089584121","https://openalex.org/W2092270815","https://openalex.org/W2104439084","https://openalex.org/W2105162527","https://openalex.org/W2106579908","https://openalex.org/W2108602781","https://openalex.org/W2113757117","https://openalex.org/W2130742134","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2140973417","https://openalex.org/W2141841319","https://openalex.org/W2147948938","https://openalex.org/W2148099808","https://openalex.org/W2150312211","https://openalex.org/W2165585517","https://openalex.org/W2166956686","https://openalex.org/W2295969537","https://openalex.org/W2765238769","https://openalex.org/W3036298362","https://openalex.org/W3100657144","https://openalex.org/W3139936483","https://openalex.org/W4234406933","https://openalex.org/W4247221226","https://openalex.org/W4248343126","https://openalex.org/W4293497775","https://openalex.org/W6633327343","https://openalex.org/W6640798113","https://openalex.org/W6680961968","https://openalex.org/W6697594230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381242807","https://openalex.org/W3126131230","https://openalex.org/W2347541121","https://openalex.org/W4288804799","https://openalex.org/W2080951048","https://openalex.org/W3089617106","https://openalex.org/W3032237421","https://openalex.org/W2390346111","https://openalex.org/W3011883280","https://openalex.org/W2369082698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"avoiding":[1],"a":[2,4,38,71,92,129,160,195,214],"group,":[3],"walker":[5,93],"has":[6,112],"two":[7,152],"possibilities:":[8],"either":[9],"he":[10,102],"goes":[11],"through":[12,18,66,105],"it":[13,125],"or":[14,22,67],"around":[15,23,68,96],"it.":[16],"Going":[17],"very":[19],"dense":[20,99],"groups":[21,100],"huge":[24],"ones":[25],"would":[26],"not":[27],"seem":[28],"natural":[29],"and":[30,86,98,107,236,258],"could":[31],"break":[32],"any":[33],"sense":[34],"of":[35,78,134,179,222,232,238,262],"presence":[36],"in":[37,225,241],"virtual":[39],"environment.":[40],"This":[41,202],"paper":[42],"aims":[43],"to":[44,48,58,64,89,123,126,167,190,198,250,254],"enable":[45],"crowd":[46,117,207,256],"simulators":[47,257],"handle":[49],"such":[50,263],"situations":[51,148],"correctly.":[52],"To":[53],"this":[54,90],"end,":[55],"we":[56,74,163,188,246],"need":[57],"understand":[59],"how":[60],"real":[61,173],"humans":[62],"decide":[63,127],"go":[65,95,104],"groups.":[69,109],"As":[70,175],"first":[72,206],"hypothesis,":[73],"apply":[75,124],"the":[76,119,151,177,205,220,230,233,242,267],"Principle":[77],"Minimum":[79],"Energy":[80],"(PME)":[81],"on":[82,128],"different":[83],"group":[84,234],"sizes":[85],"density.":[87],"According":[88],"principle,":[91],"should":[94,103],"small":[97],"whereas":[101],"large":[106],"sparse":[108],"Such":[110],"principle":[111],"already":[113],"been":[114],"used":[115],"for":[116,149],"simulation;":[118],"novelty":[120],"here":[121],"is":[122,185],"global":[130],"avoidance":[131],"strategy":[132],"instead":[133],"local":[135],"adaptations":[136],"only.":[137],"Our":[138],"study":[139],"quantifies":[140],"decision":[141,243],"thresholds.":[142],"However,":[143],"PME":[144,169],"leaves":[145],"some":[146,248],"inconclusive":[147,226],"which":[150],"solutions":[153],"paths":[154],"have":[155],"similar":[156],"energetic":[157],"costs.":[158],"In":[159],"second":[161],"part,":[162],"propose":[164,189],"an":[165,180,260],"experiment":[166,181],"corroborate":[168],"decisions":[170],"thresholds":[171],"with":[172,182],"observations.":[174],"controlling":[176],"factors":[178,224],"many":[183],"people":[184],"extremely":[186],"hard,":[187],"use":[191],"Virtual":[192],"Reality":[193],"as":[194],"new":[196],"method":[197],"observe":[199],"human":[200],"behavior.":[201],"work":[203],"represents":[204],"simulation":[208],"algorithm":[209],"component":[210],"directly":[211],"designed":[212],"from":[213],"VR-based":[215],"study.":[216],"We":[217,228,265],"also":[218],"consider":[219],"role":[221],"secondary":[223],"situations.":[227],"show":[229,259],"influence":[231],"appearance":[235],"direction":[237],"relative":[239],"motion":[240],"process.":[244],"Finally,":[245],"draw":[247],"guidelines":[249],"integrate":[251],"our":[252],"conclusions":[253],"existing":[255],"example":[261],"integration.":[264],"evaluate":[266],"achieved":[268],"improvements.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}