{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072628086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2014.2346998","title":"Reinforcing Visual Grouping Cues to Communicate Complex Informational Structure","display_name":"Reinforcing Visual Grouping Cues to Communicate Complex Informational Structure","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072628086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2014.2346998","mag":"2072628086","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26356911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2014.2346998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2014.2346998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072051036","display_name":"Juhee Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-7243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juhee Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University","North Carolina State University,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016365293","display_name":"Benjamin Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-7357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University","North Carolina State University,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072051036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.96456618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81045195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"1973","last_page":"1982"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestalt-psychology","display_name":"Gestalt psychology","score":0.8078545331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7844980955123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5433529019355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.53667813539505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5350004434585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-cue","display_name":"Sensory cue","score":0.48818832635879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4778040051460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.41905301809310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/card-sorting","display_name":"Card sorting","score":0.4166163206100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.41387152671813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3606882691383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.17519107460975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1282135546207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.12350970506668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12298595905303955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27362006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272021","display_name":"Gestalt psychology","level":3,"score":0.8078545331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7844980955123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5433529019355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.53667813539505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5350004434585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111370547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451120","display_name":"Sensory cue","level":2,"score":0.48818832635879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4778040051460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.41905301809310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5563205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686043","display_name":"Card sorting","level":3,"score":0.4166163206100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.41387152671813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3606882691383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.17519107460975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1282135546207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.12350970506668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12298595905303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048088","descriptor_name":"Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048088","descriptor_name":"Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048088","descriptor_name":"Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2014.2346998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2014.2346998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26356911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26356911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1726122953","https://openalex.org/W1964050101","https://openalex.org/W1976120372","https://openalex.org/W1976373002","https://openalex.org/W2006950546","https://openalex.org/W2007098048","https://openalex.org/W2031270361","https://openalex.org/W2048623760","https://openalex.org/W2052362329","https://openalex.org/W2084279352","https://openalex.org/W2116787255","https://openalex.org/W2137725097","https://openalex.org/W2151823074","https://openalex.org/W2155941614","https://openalex.org/W2170492055","https://openalex.org/W2332774326","https://openalex.org/W2898663280","https://openalex.org/W2935844646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593175091","https://openalex.org/W4313354065","https://openalex.org/W3039810647","https://openalex.org/W4327521413","https://openalex.org/W823300309","https://openalex.org/W2385281989","https://openalex.org/W2752358874","https://openalex.org/W2766800049","https://openalex.org/W2066802334","https://openalex.org/W2789847084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"his":[1],"book":[2],"Multimedia":[3],"Learning":[4],"[7],":[5],"Richard":[6],"Mayer":[7],"asserts":[8],"that":[9,15],"viewers":[10,44],"learn":[11],"best":[12,214],"from":[13,146],"imagery":[14,145],"provides":[16],"them":[17,22],"with":[18,200,216],"cues":[19,46,127],"to":[20,42,76,87,91,107,140,175,185],"help":[21,92],"organize":[23],"new":[24],"information":[25],"into":[26],"the":[27,36,57,124,152,187],"correct":[28],"knowledge":[29],"structures.":[30,178,193],"Designers":[31],"have":[32,73],"long":[33],"been":[34],"exploiting":[35],"Gestalt":[37],"laws":[38],"of":[39,81,105,123,154,163,225],"visual":[40,48],"grouping":[41,126,219],"deliver":[43],"those":[45],"using":[47],"hierarchy,":[49],"often":[50],"communicating":[51,210,234],"structures":[52],"much":[53],"more":[54],"complex":[55,79,203,211],"than":[56],"simple":[58],"organizations":[59],"studied":[60],"in":[61,69,170],"psychological":[62],"research.":[63],"Unfortunately,":[64],"designers":[65],"are":[66,86],"largely":[67],"practical":[68],"their":[70],"work,":[71],"and":[72,96,134,144,172,191,236],"not":[74],"paused":[75],"build":[77,88],"a":[78,89,102,113,160,166,240],"theory":[80],"structural":[82,156,242],"communication.":[83],"If":[84],"we":[85,100,158],"tool":[90],"novices":[93],"create":[94,108],"effective":[95,232],"well":[97],"structured":[98,142],"visuals,":[99],"need":[101],"better":[103],"understanding":[104],"how":[106,121],"them.":[109],"Our":[110,194],"work":[111],"takes":[112],"first":[114],"step":[115],"toward":[116],"addressing":[117],"this":[118,155],"lack,":[119],"studying":[120],"five":[122],"many":[125],"(proximity,":[128],"color":[129],"similarity,":[130],"common":[131,222],"region,":[132],"connectivity,":[133],"alignment)":[135],"can":[136,205],"be":[137,206],"effectively":[138],"combined":[139],"communicate":[141],"text":[143],"real":[147],"world":[148],"examples.":[149],"To":[150],"measure":[151,186],"effectiveness":[153],"communication,":[157],"applied":[159],"digital":[161],"version":[162],"card":[164],"sorting,":[165],"method":[167],"widely":[168],"used":[169,181],"anthropology":[171],"cognitive":[173,177],"science":[174],"extract":[176],"We":[179],"then":[180],"tree":[182],"edit":[183],"distance":[184],"difference":[188],"between":[189],"perceived":[190],"communicated":[192,207],"most":[195],"significant":[196],"findings":[197],"are:":[198],"1)":[199],"careful":[201],"design,":[202],"structure":[204,212],"clearly;":[208],"2)":[209],"is":[213,230,239],"done":[215],"multiple":[217],"reinforcing":[218],"cues;":[220],"3)":[221],"region":[223],"(use":[224],"containers":[226],"such":[227],"as":[228],"boxes)":[229],"particularly":[231],"at":[233],"structure;":[235],"4)":[237],"alignment":[238],"weak":[241],"communicator.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
