{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2925246369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2019.2906545","title":"Physical Layer Security of a Dual-Hop Regenerative Mixed RF/UOW System","display_name":"Physical Layer Security of a Dual-Hop Regenerative Mixed RF/UOW System","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2925246369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2019.2906545","mag":"2925246369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsusc.2019.2906545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2019.2906545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221417","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing","issn_l":"2377-3782","issn":["2377-3782","2377-3790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001233832","display_name":"Elmehdi Illi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-3698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmehdi Illi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENSIAS College of Engineering, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-3698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIAS College of Engineering, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075380587","display_name":"Faissal El Bouanani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-6793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faissal El Bouanani","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENSIAS College of Engineering, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-6793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENSIAS College of Engineering, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021191255","display_name":"Daniel Benevides da Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-7475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Benevides da Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1 (UFC), Sobral, Cear\u00e1, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-7475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1 (UFC), Sobral, Cear\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061981044","display_name":"Paschalis C. Sofotasios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-0966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE","FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paschalis C. Sofotasios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-0966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070165644","display_name":"Fouad Ayoub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-5301"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fouad Ayoub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre R\u00e9gional des M\u00e9tiers de l'Education et de la Formation - K\u00e9nitra (CRMEF), K\u00e9nitra, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-5301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre R\u00e9gional des M\u00e9tiers de l'Education et de la Formation - K\u00e9nitra (CRMEF), K\u00e9nitra, Morocco","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011407380","display_name":"Kahtan Mezher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-7823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kahtan Mezher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-7823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004034156","display_name":"Sami Muhaidat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-9399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Muhaidat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-9399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2029,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87741971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"90","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6592764258384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6255545020103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5934889316558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5404719710350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5382182002067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5303103923797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.5076347589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4911477267742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.47593048214912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4394001066684723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.32883286476135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3147120475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17338192462921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17175251245498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08656850457191467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6592764258384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6255545020103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5934889316558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5404719710350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5382182002067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5303103923797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.5076347589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4911477267742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.47593048214912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4394001066684723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.32883286476135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3147120475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17338192462921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17175251245498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08656850457191467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsusc.2019.2906545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2019.2906545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221417","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing","issn_l":"2377-3782","issn":["2377-3782","2377-3790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/216915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/216915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401860","display_name":"Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","host_organization_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3174711083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KU/RC1-C2PS-T2/8474000137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7778092214","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KU/FSU-8474000122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54120538","https://openalex.org/W571270299","https://openalex.org/W1493957411","https://openalex.org/W1629043124","https://openalex.org/W1795340666","https://openalex.org/W1982488010","https://openalex.org/W2033529003","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2053851518","https://openalex.org/W2090960347","https://openalex.org/W2115324684","https://openalex.org/W2117154174","https://openalex.org/W2127847293","https://openalex.org/W2128482304","https://openalex.org/W2133096811","https://openalex.org/W2153817482","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2248980475","https://openalex.org/W2286327191","https://openalex.org/W2331688265","https://openalex.org/W2336491352","https://openalex.org/W2336835464","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2514303232","https://openalex.org/W2586987237","https://openalex.org/W2589913228","https://openalex.org/W2596132000","https://openalex.org/W2607000399","https://openalex.org/W2726806793","https://openalex.org/W2729372524","https://openalex.org/W2736701975","https://openalex.org/W2778149930","https://openalex.org/W2783455388","https://openalex.org/W2803904107","https://openalex.org/W2804736763","https://openalex.org/W2808930512","https://openalex.org/W2814600998","https://openalex.org/W2815431952","https://openalex.org/W2889119736","https://openalex.org/W2892585710","https://openalex.org/W2919467228","https://openalex.org/W3123545179","https://openalex.org/W4235904761","https://openalex.org/W4241055678","https://openalex.org/W6602158018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2493929861","https://openalex.org/W2016567611","https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2475541339","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W565335793","https://openalex.org/W2363071176","https://openalex.org/W2765236478","https://openalex.org/W4360996312","https://openalex.org/W2529506699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"physical":[1],"layer":[2],"security":[3,24],"is":[4,153,179,199,256],"a":[5,62,107,148,171,183],"crucial":[6],"task":[7],"in":[8,32,81,187,263],"conventional":[9],"and":[10,23,83,140,214,239,280,322],"emerging":[11],"communication":[12,71,152],"systems,":[13],"which":[14,41,194],"are":[15,42,78,292,303,317],"typically":[16],"characterized":[17],"by":[18,259],"stringent":[19],"quality":[20],"of":[21,35,38,61,210,226,230,236,243,269,277,326],"service":[22],"requirements.":[25],"This":[26],"also":[27],"accounts":[28],"for":[29,116,174,319],"wireless":[30,70,75],"technologies":[31],"the":[33,36,53,57,119,122,145,156,161,175,188,195,208,218,224,228,244,252,260,264,270,275,281,285,307,311,314,320],"context":[34],"Internet":[37],"Things":[39],"paradigm,":[40],"expected":[43],"to":[44,144,159],"exhibit":[45],"considerably":[46],"increased":[47],"computational":[48,308],"complexity.":[49],"Based":[50],"on":[51,193,207,217],"this,":[52],"present":[54],"contribution":[55],"investigates":[56],"secrecy":[58,176,219,253],"outage":[59,177,220,254],"performance":[60],"dual-hop":[63],"decode-and-forward":[64],"(DF)":[65],"mixed":[66],"radio-frequency/":[67],"underwater":[68],"optical":[69],"(RF/UOWC)":[72],"system.":[73],"Such":[74],"network":[76],"configurations":[77],"particularly":[79],"useful":[80,205,318],"efficient":[82],"demanding":[84],"scenarios,":[85],"such":[86,222,273,327],"as":[87,223,274],"military":[88],"communications.":[89],"Therefore,":[90],"our":[91],"analysis":[92,186,249],"considers":[93],"one":[94,101],"single-antenna":[95],"source":[96],"node":[97,104,110],"(S)":[98],"communicating":[99],"with":[100,113,182,294,306],"legitimate":[102],"destination":[103,146],"(D)":[105],"via":[106,127,147],"DF":[108],"relay":[109,120,231,278,286],"(R)":[111],"equipped":[112],"multiple":[114],"antennas":[115,279],"reception.":[117],"Particularly,":[118],"receives":[121],"incoming":[123],"signal":[124],"from":[125,297],"S":[126,162],"an":[128],"RF":[129,237],"link,":[130],"applies":[131],"selection-combining":[132],"(SC)":[133],"technique,":[134],"fully":[135],"decodes":[136],"it,":[137,139],"re-encodes":[138],"then":[141],"forwards":[142],"it":[143],"UOWC":[149,245],"link.":[150,246],"The":[151,201,247,288],"performed":[154],"under":[155],"eavesdropper's":[157],"attempt":[158],"intercept":[160],"-":[163],"R":[164],"hop":[165],"(RF":[166],"side).":[167],"In":[168],"this":[169],"context,":[170],"closed-form":[172],"expression":[173],"probability":[178,255],"derived":[180],"along":[181],"thorough":[184],"asymptotic":[185],"high":[189,265],"SNR":[190,266,283],"regime,":[191,267],"based":[192],"achievable":[196],"diversity":[197],"order":[198],"provided.":[200],"offered":[202,289,315],"results":[203,291,296],"provide":[204],"insights":[206,316],"impact":[209],"some":[211],"key":[212],"system":[213],"channel":[215],"parameters":[216,235,302],"performance,":[221],"number":[225,229,276],"eavesdroppers,":[227],"antennas,":[232],"fading":[233],"severity":[234,242],"links,":[238],"water":[240],"turbulence":[241],"conducted":[248],"shows":[250],"that":[251],"dominated":[257],"only":[258],"R-D":[261],"link":[262],"regardless":[268],"S-R":[271],"parameters,":[272],"average":[282],"at":[284,310],"branches.":[287],"analytic":[290],"corroborated":[293],"respective":[295],"computer":[298],"simulations.":[299],"Since":[300],"these":[301],"closely":[304],"related":[305],"complexity":[309],"involved":[312],"terminals,":[313],"design":[321],"computationally":[323],"sustainable":[324],"operation":[325],"systems.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
