{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385577126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp59544.2023.10197740","title":"Face Expression Recognition using Recurrent Neural Networks","display_name":"Face Expression Recognition using Recurrent Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385577126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp59544.2023.10197740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp59544.2023.10197740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp59544.2023.10197740","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 46th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075146238","display_name":"Marcos S\u00e1nchez-Ruiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-7502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Sanchez-Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038949824","display_name":"Jonathan Flores-Monroy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-3600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Flores-Monroy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077444714","display_name":"Mariko Nakano-Miyatake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1346-7825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariko Nakano-Miyatake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009941035","display_name":"Enrique Escamilla-Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-8270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Escamilla-Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068877119","display_name":"Hector Perez\u2010Meana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-2050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59361560","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","ror":"https://ror.org/059sp8j34","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hector Perez-Meana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Politecnico Nacional,Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School,M&#x00E9;xico City,Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59361560"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55968317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"148","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.785354733467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.7241214513778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6981672644615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6646093726158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6388581395149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6374143958091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5833614468574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5374996662139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.5119851231575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.46809816360473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45595812797546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42926254868507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4232729375362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42165717482566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4209043085575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3753417134284973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.785354733467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7241214513778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6981672644615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6646093726158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6388581395149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6374143958091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5833614468574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5374996662139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.5119851231575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.46809816360473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45595812797546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42926254868507385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4232729375362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42165717482566833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4209043085575104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3753417134284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp59544.2023.10197740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp59544.2023.10197740","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 46th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978445814","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2159017231","https://openalex.org/W2432917172","https://openalex.org/W2770901320","https://openalex.org/W2883848153","https://openalex.org/W2960529565","https://openalex.org/W2962134292","https://openalex.org/W3157096843","https://openalex.org/W3214914491","https://openalex.org/W4210993929","https://openalex.org/W4224003776","https://openalex.org/W4285250231","https://openalex.org/W4288282320","https://openalex.org/W6765401191","https://openalex.org/W6782144725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W2985118265","https://openalex.org/W4312081214","https://openalex.org/W2059356388","https://openalex.org/W325114128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46],"development":[1,47],"of":[2,11,27,48,62,74,91,134],"face":[3,35,49,58,98,114],"expression":[4,26,36,50,99],"recognition":[5,37,51,100],"(FER)":[6],"technology":[7],"is":[8,20,53,84],"a":[9,28,32,69,97],"topic":[10],"active":[12],"research,":[13],"because":[14],"in":[15,105],"the":[16,24,43,57,113,122,131],"several":[17,34],"applications,":[18],"it":[19,83],"necessary":[21],"to":[22,86,153],"verify":[23],"emotion":[25,73],"given":[29],"person.":[30],"As":[31],"result,":[33],"schemes":[38,52],"have":[39],"been":[40],"proposed":[41],"during":[42],"last":[44],"decades.":[45],"mainly":[54],"based":[55],"on":[56,121],"image":[59,92],"analysis,":[60],"instead":[61,90],"video":[63,80,88,103],"sequence":[64,81],"analysis.":[65,93],"However,":[66],"considering":[67],"that":[68],"human":[70],"recognizes":[71],"an":[72],"other":[75],"person":[76],"using":[77,102],"his/her":[78],"time":[79],"data,":[82],"natural":[85],"use":[87],"analysis":[89],"This":[94],"paper":[95],"proposes":[96],"system":[101],"sequences,":[104],"which":[106,116],"temporal":[107],"feature":[108,125],"vectors":[109,126],"are":[110,117,127],"extracted":[111],"from":[112],"landmarks,":[115],"relevant":[118],"characteristic":[119],"points":[120],"face.":[123],"These":[124],"then":[128],"introduced":[129],"into":[130],"different":[132],"configurations":[133],"recurrent":[135],"neural":[136],"networks":[137],"(RNN),":[138],"such":[139],"as":[140],"Long":[141,148],"Short":[142,149],"Time":[143,150],"Memory":[144,151],"(LSTM)":[145],"and":[146],"Bidirectional":[147],"(BLSTM)":[152],"obtain":[154],"better":[155],"results.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
