{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198347686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp52935.2021.9522613","title":"Pyramid-Context Encoder Network (PEN-Net) for Missing Data Recovery in Ground Penetrating Radar","display_name":"Pyramid-Context Encoder Network (PEN-Net) for Missing Data Recovery in Ground Penetrating Radar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198347686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp52935.2021.9522613","mag":"3198347686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp52935.2021.9522613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp52935.2021.9522613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 44th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077121287","display_name":"K\u00fcbra TA\u015e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-1198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kubra Tas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Technical University,Electronics and Communication Department,Istanbul,Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Technical University,Electronics and Communication Department,Istanbul,Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064137202","display_name":"Deniz Kumlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-7466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deniz Kumlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Technical University,Electronics and Communication Department,Istanbul,Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Technical University,Electronics and Communication Department,Istanbul,Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003108513","display_name":"I\u015f\u0131n Erer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-6379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isin Erer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Technical University,Electronics and Communication Department,Istanbul,Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Technical University,Electronics and Communication Department,Istanbul,Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077121287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60164911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"263","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.8384602069854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6755357384681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.6566765308380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.580676257610321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.545491635799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.47953200340270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4665161371231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.44916799664497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.42613688111305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.41865792870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3965911269187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1532105803489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13239717483520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10807874798774719}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.8384602069854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6755357384681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6566765308380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.580676257610321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.545491635799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.47953200340270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4665161371231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.44916799664497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.42613688111305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.41865792870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3965911269187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1532105803489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13239717483520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10807874798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp52935.2021.9522613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp52935.2021.9522613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 44th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/53161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/53161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2060204507","https://openalex.org/W2142077116","https://openalex.org/W2318535147","https://openalex.org/W2611104282","https://openalex.org/W2771305881","https://openalex.org/W2796286534","https://openalex.org/W2936180003","https://openalex.org/W2952660452","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963174698","https://openalex.org/W2963231084","https://openalex.org/W2963270367","https://openalex.org/W2964148878","https://openalex.org/W2994855290","https://openalex.org/W3043547428","https://openalex.org/W3044021650","https://openalex.org/W3104724358","https://openalex.org/W3137867033","https://openalex.org/W4297800839","https://openalex.org/W6681016373","https://openalex.org/W6692550842","https://openalex.org/W6729966448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024870410","https://openalex.org/W2410652950","https://openalex.org/W4380150146","https://openalex.org/W4283773154","https://openalex.org/W3139174110","https://openalex.org/W4289597203","https://openalex.org/W2950538088","https://openalex.org/W1977098485","https://openalex.org/W2085630472","https://openalex.org/W4285201053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"deep":[1],"learning-based":[2],"missing":[3,13,40,55,90,102,128],"data":[4,41,56,80,103,129],"recovery":[5,130],"approach":[6],"is":[7,18,30,42,94],"presented":[8],"for":[9,48,70],"subsurface":[10,59],"images":[11,69],"with":[12,121,125],"samples.":[14],"The":[15],"proposed":[16],"method":[17],"based":[19],"on":[20,106],"Pyramid-context":[21],"Encoder":[22],"Network":[23],"(PEN-Net).":[24],"With":[25],"this":[26,62],"network,":[27],"region":[28],"affinity":[29],"captured":[31],"by":[32],"creating":[33],"a":[34,45],"high-level":[35],"semantic":[36,52],"feature":[37],"map,":[38],"and":[39,51,88,99],"recovered":[43,68],"in":[44,84],"pyramid":[46],"fashion,":[47],"both":[49],"visual":[50],"consistency.":[53],"Considering":[54],"cases":[57],"during":[58],"image":[60],"acquisition,":[61],"study":[63],"aims":[64],"to":[65],"obtain":[66],"plausible":[67],"possible":[71],"post-processing":[72],"operations":[73],"that":[74,109,116],"can":[75,113],"be":[76,114],"implemented":[77],"later.":[78],"Missing":[79],"scenarios":[81],"are":[82,119],"constructed":[83],"two":[85],"ways;":[86],"column-wise":[87],"pixel-wise":[89],"data.":[91],"Each":[92],"case":[93],"tested":[95],"under":[96],"10%,":[97],"30%":[98],"50%":[100],"of":[101],"scenarios.":[104],"Based":[105],"the":[107],"experiments":[108],"we":[110],"conducted,":[111],"it":[112],"observed":[115],"better":[117],"results":[118],"obtained":[120],"PEN-Net":[122],"architecture,":[123],"compared":[124],"low":[126],"rank":[127],"methods":[131],"such":[132],"as":[133],"Go":[134],"Decomposition":[135],"(GoDec)":[136],"or":[137],"Low-rank":[138],"matrix":[139],"fitting":[140],"(LmaFit).":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}