{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7084119657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3615414","title":"Generalized Framework to Subspace-Based DOA Estimation","display_name":"Generalized Framework to Subspace-Based DOA Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7084119657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3615414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2025.3615414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3615414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3615414","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Majdoddin Esfandiari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2164-6260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Majdoddin Esfandiari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sergiy A. Vorobyov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-647X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergiy A. Vorobyov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63002487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"3872","last_page":"3885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.4641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.4641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.20280000567436218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13605","display_name":"Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse","score":0.022199999541044235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7225000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.38929998874664307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7225000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5964999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5515999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777121530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512739","display_name":"Signal subspace","level":4,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180877172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5401390","display_name":"Estimation of covariance matrices","level":3,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165646398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3755281","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","level":3,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2025.3615414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3615414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/140672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/5d4bcd68-56ec-47d1-a78b-776e966e81e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2025.3615414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3615414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"generalized":[1,59,128],"framework":[2,129],"to":[3,69,97,120],"subspace-based":[4,131],"direction-of-arrival":[5],"(DOA)":[6],"estimation":[7,133],"in":[8,50,118,140],"the":[9,21,74,81,110,122,126,135],"presence":[10],"of":[11,42,46,55,80,102,106,125,168],"unknown":[12],"noise":[13,22,148],"field":[14],"and":[15,28],"other":[16],"imperfections":[17,144],"is":[18,35,83,95,116],"proposed.":[19],"Provided":[20],"covariance":[23,149],"matrix":[24,54],"estimate,":[25],"a":[26,52,56,87],"forward-only":[27],"its":[29],"forward-backward":[30],"extension":[31],"rooting-based":[32],"DOA":[33,38,76,88,112,132],"estimator":[34,39,82],"developed.":[36],"The":[37,78],"takes":[40],"advantage":[41],"using":[43,109],"second-order":[44],"statistics":[45],"signal":[47],"subspace":[48],"perturbations":[49],"constructing":[51],"weight":[53],"properly":[57],"designed":[58],"least":[60],"squares":[61],"minimization":[62],"problem.":[63],"Only":[64],"few":[65],"iterations":[66],"are":[67],"sufficient":[68],"reach":[70],"high":[71],"accuracy":[72],"by":[73],"proposed":[75,111,127],"estimator.":[77,113],"consistency":[79],"also":[84],"proven.":[85],"Then":[86],"selection":[89],"strategy":[90],"with":[91,143],"low":[92,154],"computational":[93],"cost":[94],"developed":[96],"select":[98],"actual":[99],"sources":[100],"out":[101],"larger":[103],"(double)":[104],"number":[105,167],"candidates":[107],"generated":[108],"Numerical":[114],"study":[115],"conducted":[117],"order":[119],"establish":[121],"significant":[123],"superiority":[124],"for":[130],"over":[134],"existing":[136],"state-of-the-art":[137],"methods,":[138],"especially":[139],"challenging":[141],"scenarios":[142],"such":[145],"as":[146,162,164],"different":[147],"structures,":[150],"small":[151],"sample":[152],"size,":[153],"signal-to-noise":[155],"ratio,":[156],"correlated":[157],"and/or":[158],"closely":[159],"located":[160],"sources,":[161],"well":[163],"very":[165],"large":[166],"sources.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}