{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413822042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3603307","title":"Over-Relaxed ADMM-Based Unitary Adaptive Beamforming Scheme With Lobe-Level Constraints","display_name":"Over-Relaxed ADMM-Based Unitary Adaptive Beamforming Scheme With Lobe-Level Constraints","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413822042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3603307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2025.3603307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3603307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101530897","display_name":"Siyuan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-2584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-2584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722654","display_name":"Shuai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-2744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158823","display_name":"Weihai Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx4xx46","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai), Weihai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-2744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai), Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feng-Gang Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-7724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158823","display_name":"Weihai Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx4xx46","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng-Gang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai), Weihai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-7724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai), Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014201482","display_name":"Fulvio Gini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5362-7320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fulvio Gini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","School of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5362-7320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075507631","display_name":"Maria Greco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-2949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Sabrina Greco","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","School of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-2949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101525972","display_name":"Ming Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-7281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158823","display_name":"Weihai Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx4xx46","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai), Weihai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-7281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai), Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101530897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79161177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"3656","last_page":"3670"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6458402872085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-beamformer","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","score":0.564452052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5447550415992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unitary-state","display_name":"Unitary state","score":0.5365362763404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5305742621421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42932072281837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.42551571130752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3783366084098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.35826927423477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28953349590301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.1031571626663208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6458402872085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.564452052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5447550415992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67820243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179164","display_name":"Unitary state","level":2,"score":0.5365362763404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5305742621421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42932072281837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.42551571130752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3783366084098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35826927423477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28953349590301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.1031571626663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2025.3603307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3603307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1344227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1344227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1679638511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7584468032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071144","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991229859","https://openalex.org/W1992923772","https://openalex.org/W2005602327","https://openalex.org/W2005882741","https://openalex.org/W2032057712","https://openalex.org/W2037603831","https://openalex.org/W2077121281","https://openalex.org/W2107213110","https://openalex.org/W2108698857","https://openalex.org/W2114171615","https://openalex.org/W2116917836","https://openalex.org/W2135778114","https://openalex.org/W2141904749","https://openalex.org/W2146609744","https://openalex.org/W2146872529","https://openalex.org/W2148327864","https://openalex.org/W2157445698","https://openalex.org/W2444165281","https://openalex.org/W2612638829","https://openalex.org/W2793695853","https://openalex.org/W2903099268","https://openalex.org/W2921901549","https://openalex.org/W2944840885","https://openalex.org/W2953654091","https://openalex.org/W2967239700","https://openalex.org/W2967671242","https://openalex.org/W2969258875","https://openalex.org/W3083528975","https://openalex.org/W3097426718","https://openalex.org/W3132479959","https://openalex.org/W3134396792","https://openalex.org/W3174350473","https://openalex.org/W4229706427","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W4315864716","https://openalex.org/W4361857251","https://openalex.org/W4365461416","https://openalex.org/W4377234099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2996333928","https://openalex.org/W2009075871","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2518591292","https://openalex.org/W1976800395","https://openalex.org/W2105408150","https://openalex.org/W2606661315","https://openalex.org/W2548445082","https://openalex.org/W2072054645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"performance":[1],"of":[2,16,19,54,60,124,145,157],"adaptive":[3],"beamforming":[4],"may":[5],"degrade":[6],"dramatically":[7],"in":[8,40,161],"a":[9,86,93,162],"highly":[10,163],"dynamic":[11,164],"environment,":[12],"because":[13],"the":[14,41,45,49,52,55,58,61,79,104,119,131,143,150,153,158],"directions":[15],"arrival":[17],"(DOAs)":[18],"targets":[20],"and":[21,37,51,152],"interferences":[22],"can":[23,114],"change":[24],"rapidly.":[25],"To":[26,72,128],"address":[27],"this":[28],"problem,":[29,43],"we":[30,75,134],"propose":[31,76],"here":[32],"to":[33,47,77],"introduce":[34],"additional":[35],"mainlobe-level":[36],"sidelobe-level":[38],"constraints":[39,67],"design":[42],"with":[44,65],"goal":[46],"broaden":[48],"mainlobe":[50],"nulls":[53],"beampattern.":[56],"However,":[57],"solution":[59],"resulting":[62],"optimization":[63,83,111],"problem":[64,84,105],"non-convex":[66,81],"has":[68],"high":[69],"computational":[70],"complexity.":[71],"reduce":[73],"it,":[74],"transform":[78],"complex-valued":[80],"constrained":[82,89],"into":[85,108],"real-valued":[87],"convex":[88],"one":[90],"by":[91,141],"performing":[92],"unitary":[94],"transformation,":[95],"which":[96],"is":[97,106],"suitable":[98],"for":[99],"centro-symmetric":[100],"arrays":[101],"(CSA).":[102],"Then,":[103],"decomposed":[107],"multiple":[109],"unconstrained":[110],"sub-problems":[112],"that":[113],"be":[115],"solved":[116],"iteratively":[117],"using":[118],"standard":[120],"alternating":[121],"direction":[122],"method":[123],"multipliers":[125],"(S-ADMM)":[126],"method.":[127],"improve":[129],"further":[130],"convergence":[132,154],"speed,":[133],"then":[135],"develop":[136],"an":[137],"over-relaxed":[138],"ADMM":[139],"(OR-ADMM)":[140],"exploiting":[142],"principle":[144],"relaxation.":[146],"Numerical":[147],"simulation":[148],"demonstrates":[149],"robustness":[151],"speed":[155],"improvements":[156],"proposed":[159],"OR-ADMM":[160],"environment.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}