{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413017882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3595842","title":"Direct Multi-Emitter Tracking Based on the Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Filter","display_name":"Direct Multi-Emitter Tracking Based on the Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Filter","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413017882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3595842"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2025.3595842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3595842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yiqi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-2032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiqi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-2032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002775930","display_name":"Lin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-9239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-9239","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050723190","display_name":"Luigi Chisci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-3577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Chisci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell&#x2019;Informazione (DINFO), Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi di Firenze, 50121, Italy","Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell&#x2019;Informazione (DINFO), Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-3577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell&#x2019;Informazione (DINFO), Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi di Firenze, 50121, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell&#x2019;Informazione (DINFO), Universit&#x00E0; degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039556214","display_name":"Ping Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0384-9854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0384-9854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huaguo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-8855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaguo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-8855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045179998","display_name":"Alfonso Farina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-2427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76806421","display_name":"SELEX Sistemi Integrati","ror":"https://ror.org/02sj0zy88","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76806421"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfonso Farina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Selex-ES, 00144, Italy","Selex-ES (retired), Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-2427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Selex-ES, 00144, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76806421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Selex-ES (retired), Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76806421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82495821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"3316","last_page":"3330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9412000179290771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bernoullis-principle","display_name":"Bernoulli's principle","score":0.6030402183532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49543654918670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.48472166061401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-emitter","display_name":"Common emitter","score":0.45437783002853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filtering-theory","display_name":"Filtering theory","score":0.4399877190589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4241047501564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.41071683168411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3699163794517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3670065999031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3121766746044159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.21382570266723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.16147887706756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13386857509613037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152361515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181328","display_name":"Bernoulli's principle","level":2,"score":0.6030402183532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49543654918670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.48472166061401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.45437783002853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988922011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449244","display_name":"Filtering theory","level":2,"score":0.4399877190589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4241047501564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.41071683168411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3699163794517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3670065999031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3121766746044159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.21382570266723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.16147887706756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13386857509613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2025.3595842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2025.3595842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6047302020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1745301770","https://openalex.org/W1836036400","https://openalex.org/W1903432761","https://openalex.org/W1965106715","https://openalex.org/W1970432641","https://openalex.org/W1974637548","https://openalex.org/W1983765397","https://openalex.org/W1996298879","https://openalex.org/W1997942227","https://openalex.org/W2014787937","https://openalex.org/W2033604684","https://openalex.org/W2077495158","https://openalex.org/W2095050623","https://openalex.org/W2100758588","https://openalex.org/W2108492036","https://openalex.org/W2110354007","https://openalex.org/W2120833567","https://openalex.org/W2121474958","https://openalex.org/W2123378338","https://openalex.org/W2124888202","https://openalex.org/W2126885789","https://openalex.org/W2135075818","https://openalex.org/W2140641933","https://openalex.org/W2142300547","https://openalex.org/W2144100131","https://openalex.org/W2144752325","https://openalex.org/W2145477955","https://openalex.org/W2149900846","https://openalex.org/W2154353836","https://openalex.org/W2157390512","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2161101713","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2221311804","https://openalex.org/W2255383600","https://openalex.org/W2313409230","https://openalex.org/W2534248263","https://openalex.org/W2594025464","https://openalex.org/W2734364129","https://openalex.org/W2766980706","https://openalex.org/W2916338813","https://openalex.org/W2918445916","https://openalex.org/W2958373442","https://openalex.org/W2964863143","https://openalex.org/W2971921568","https://openalex.org/W2979653692","https://openalex.org/W3004714402","https://openalex.org/W3015395304","https://openalex.org/W3019264754","https://openalex.org/W3090449432","https://openalex.org/W3094996985","https://openalex.org/W3116621361","https://openalex.org/W4226051052","https://openalex.org/W4285175741","https://openalex.org/W4317739560","https://openalex.org/W4385627278","https://openalex.org/W4403094405","https://openalex.org/W4406858263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W963760361","https://openalex.org/W2249919526","https://openalex.org/W2791968570","https://openalex.org/W2215635302","https://openalex.org/W1570633076","https://openalex.org/W3011535717","https://openalex.org/W1500438404","https://openalex.org/W2112857436","https://openalex.org/W2166470059","https://openalex.org/W1999667596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,59],"considers":[2],"the":[3,43,70,127,138],"problem":[4],"of":[5,10,75,106,109],"tracking":[6,37,67],"a":[7,35,80,91,118],"time-varying":[8],"number":[9],"non-cooperative":[11],"emitters":[12],"based":[13,68],"on":[14,69],"single-channel":[15],"passive":[16],"sensors,":[17,114],"which":[18,86,101],"is":[19,39,87,115,122,135,144],"traditionally":[20],"carried":[21],"out":[22],"via":[23,146],"sequential":[24],"processing,":[25],"i.e.,":[26],"detection,":[27],"measurement":[28],"extraction":[29],"and":[30,141],"tracking.":[31],"However,":[32],"in":[33,47,57],"such":[34],"framework,":[36],"performance":[38,143],"severely":[40],"affected":[41],"by":[42,79,90],"pre-processing":[44],"steps":[45],"especially":[46],"low":[48],"signal-to-noise":[49],"ratio":[50],"(SNR)":[51],"scenarios.":[52],"To":[53],"remedy":[54],"this":[55,58],"drawback,":[56],"we":[60],"develop":[61],"an":[62,131],"algorithm":[63,140],"that":[64],"directly":[65],"performs":[66],"received":[71],"signals.":[72],"The":[73],"states":[74],"multi-emitter":[76,128],"are":[77],"represented":[78],"labeled":[81,93],"random":[82],"finite":[83],"set":[84],"(LRFS),":[85],"further":[88],"modeled":[89],"generalized":[92],"multi-Bernoulli":[94],"(GLMB)":[95],"density.":[96],"A":[97],"new":[98,119],"likelihood":[99],"model,":[100],"inherently":[102],"exploits":[103],"time":[104],"difference":[105],"arrival":[107],"(TDOA)":[108],"signals":[110],"coming":[111],"from":[112],"different":[113],"proposed.":[116],"Then,":[117],"GLMB":[120],"filter":[121],"derived":[123],"to":[124],"iteratively":[125],"compute":[126],"posterior.":[129],"Moreover,":[130],"efficient":[132],"implementation":[133],"strategy":[134],"devised":[136],"for":[137],"proposed":[139],"its":[142],"assessed":[145],"simulations.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
