{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403826609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3486817","title":"Robust 3-D AOA Localization Based on Maximum Correntropy Criterion With Variable Center","display_name":"Robust 3-D AOA Localization Based on Maximum Correntropy Criterion With Variable Center","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403826609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3486817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2024.3486817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3486817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101998253","display_name":"Keyuan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2729-1678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keyuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070717522","display_name":"Wenxin Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-1053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxin Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058648737","display_name":"Zhi-Yong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-9430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Yong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082563150","display_name":"Hing Cheung So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-7898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hing Cheung So","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056482307","display_name":"Chi-Sing Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-6723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Sing Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101998253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78299451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"5021","last_page":"5035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.538762092590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center","display_name":"Center (category theory)","score":0.4988853931427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4851037263870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.457651287317276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4212571978569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4079549312591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39070218801498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3757357895374298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3418485224246979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12089693546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.10598650574684143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.538762092590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.4988853931427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4851037263870239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.457651287317276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4212571978569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4079549312591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39070218801498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3757357895374298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3418485224246979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12089693546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.10598650574684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2024.3486817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3486817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901622719","https://openalex.org/W1993405482","https://openalex.org/W2008775992","https://openalex.org/W2043746281","https://openalex.org/W2065766632","https://openalex.org/W2095705027","https://openalex.org/W2098270353","https://openalex.org/W2109857912","https://openalex.org/W2135160607","https://openalex.org/W2154347068","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2159249588","https://openalex.org/W2187618798","https://openalex.org/W2193142622","https://openalex.org/W2474296258","https://openalex.org/W2528095046","https://openalex.org/W2539864613","https://openalex.org/W2751800313","https://openalex.org/W2789481185","https://openalex.org/W2797671267","https://openalex.org/W2890429580","https://openalex.org/W2908764396","https://openalex.org/W2922143828","https://openalex.org/W2955662921","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2964083363","https://openalex.org/W3024597137","https://openalex.org/W3084885896","https://openalex.org/W3086242280","https://openalex.org/W3212699936","https://openalex.org/W4211079158","https://openalex.org/W4214635538","https://openalex.org/W4226211376","https://openalex.org/W4229628595","https://openalex.org/W4240691156","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4292403327","https://openalex.org/W4294068638","https://openalex.org/W4301459447","https://openalex.org/W4309189682","https://openalex.org/W4313153376","https://openalex.org/W4318941302","https://openalex.org/W4320015814","https://openalex.org/W4383503973","https://openalex.org/W4387350830","https://openalex.org/W4390843686","https://openalex.org/W6678901353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2188431416","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2065091555","https://openalex.org/W2371189778","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W1573667629","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W654422885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"contribution":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,14,59,79,85,121,124,180],"problem":[4],"of":[5,16,82,89,161],"three-dimensional":[6],"(3-D)":[7],"angle-of-arrival":[8],"(AOA)":[9],"source":[10],"localization":[11],"(SL)":[12],"in":[13,172],"presence":[15],"symmetric":[17],"<inline-formula":[18,30,90],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[19,23,31,91],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[20,24,32,92],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\alpha$</tex-math></inline-formula>-stable":[21],"(<inline-formula":[22],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathcal{S\\alpha":[25,93],"S}$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[26],"impulsive":[27],"noise":[28,95],"for":[29,167],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\alpha\\in(0,2]$</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[33],"The":[34],"azimuth":[35],"and":[36,87,127,184],"elevation":[37],"angle":[38],"measurements":[39],"are":[40],"initially":[41],"rewritten":[42],"into":[43],"a":[44,69,102,133,142,157],"pseudolinear":[45],"form":[46],"using":[47],"spherical":[48],"coordinate":[49],"conversion,":[50],"thereby":[51],"making":[52],"them":[53],"more":[54],"manageable.":[55],"Subsequently,":[56],"we":[57,135],"adopt":[58],"maximum":[60,144],"correntropy":[61,145],"criterion":[62,146],"with":[63,151],"variable":[64],"center":[65],"(MCC-VC)":[66],"to":[67,101,116,140,164,179],"devise":[68],"robust":[70],"3-D":[71,168],"AOA":[72,169],"location":[73],"estimator":[74],"that":[75,111],"functions":[76],"effectively":[77],"without":[78],"prior":[80],"knowledge":[81],"parameters":[83],"governing":[84],"impulsiveness":[86],"dispersion":[88],"S}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[94],"distributions.":[96],"While":[97],"it":[98],"gives":[99],"rise":[100],"straightforward":[103],"alternating":[104],"minimization":[105],"algorithmic":[106],"framework,":[107],"our":[108],"analysis":[109],"reveals":[110],"solely":[112],"embracing":[113],"MCC-VC":[114],"leads":[115],"bias":[117,186],"issues":[118],"stemming":[119],"from":[120],"correlation":[122],"between":[123],"measurement":[125],"matrix":[126],"noise.":[128],"Aiming":[129],"at":[130],"addressing":[131],"such":[132],"challenge,":[134],"introduce":[136],"instrumental":[137],"variables":[138],"(IVs)":[139],"develop":[141],"bias-reduced":[143],"(MCC)":[147],"estimator,":[148],"termed":[149],"MCC":[150],"IV":[152],"(MCC-IV).":[153],"Simulation":[154],"results":[155],"illustrate":[156],"considerable":[158],"performance":[159],"enhancement":[160],"MCC-IV":[162],"compared":[163],"existing":[165],"schemes":[166],"SL,":[170],"particularly":[171],"achieving":[173],"mean":[174],"square":[175],"error":[176],"much":[177],"closer":[178],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[181],"lower":[182],"bound":[183],"mitigating":[185],"substantially.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}