{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401806133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3449091","title":"Graph GOSPA Metric: A Metric to Measure the Discrepancy Between Graphs of Different Sizes","display_name":"Graph GOSPA Metric: A Metric to Measure the Discrepancy Between Graphs of Different Sizes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401806133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3449091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2024.3449091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3449091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113047843","display_name":"Jinhao Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-0429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinhao Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049418113","display_name":"\u00c1ngel F. Garc\u00eda\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-8455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ngel F. Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032159866","display_name":"R. E. Firth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-1850"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert E. Firth","raw_affiliation_strings":["STFC Hartree Centre, Daresbury, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STFC Hartree Centre, Daresbury, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029413988","display_name":"Lennart Svensson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-9186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lennart Svensson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113047843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72103707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"4037","last_page":"4049"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6412069201469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5520428419113159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.492183119058609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric-space","display_name":"Metric space","score":0.4606473743915558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4469909071922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4163592755794525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.37683922052383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.36891645193099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18250223994255066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6412069201469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5520428419113159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.492183119058609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198043062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180953","display_name":"Metric space","level":2,"score":0.4606473743915558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4469909071922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4163592755794525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.37683922052383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.36891645193099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18250223994255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2024.3449091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3449091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:purl.org/net/epubs:work/58834806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://epubs.stfc.ac.uk/work/58834806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400334","display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:542734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/542734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W159761463","https://openalex.org/W207536699","https://openalex.org/W273178449","https://openalex.org/W651408184","https://openalex.org/W1482513167","https://openalex.org/W1487185794","https://openalex.org/W1671098680","https://openalex.org/W1842847600","https://openalex.org/W1976430844","https://openalex.org/W1996551363","https://openalex.org/W1997780247","https://openalex.org/W2005720384","https://openalex.org/W2010541316","https://openalex.org/W2012459404","https://openalex.org/W2026027452","https://openalex.org/W2033040247","https://openalex.org/W2053841470","https://openalex.org/W2072573705","https://openalex.org/W2129893339","https://openalex.org/W2132022337","https://openalex.org/W2170607286","https://openalex.org/W2173355656","https://openalex.org/W2233865268","https://openalex.org/W2296664252","https://openalex.org/W2347012009","https://openalex.org/W2557169239","https://openalex.org/W2595897327","https://openalex.org/W2610861488","https://openalex.org/W2735453594","https://openalex.org/W2798598284","https://openalex.org/W2948839854","https://openalex.org/W2982979227","https://openalex.org/W2994097903","https://openalex.org/W2997035976","https://openalex.org/W3000307447","https://openalex.org/W3083967131","https://openalex.org/W3092506419","https://openalex.org/W3101703006","https://openalex.org/W3142000089","https://openalex.org/W3143219376","https://openalex.org/W4291236916","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W4312587667","https://openalex.org/W4313353692","https://openalex.org/W4382365395","https://openalex.org/W6689765701","https://openalex.org/W6729508183","https://openalex.org/W6751350349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W4234808182","https://openalex.org/W2382043075","https://openalex.org/W2809151339","https://openalex.org/W2360673138","https://openalex.org/W2809370583","https://openalex.org/W2333722679","https://openalex.org/W4255628145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,14,32,94,103],"metric":[4,21,33,42,67,104,117,139],"to":[5,36,130],"measure":[6],"the":[7,23,72,78,82,88,98,138],"dissimilarity":[8],"between":[9,61,75],"graphs":[10,106,124],"that":[11],"may":[12],"have":[13],"different":[15],"number":[16],"of":[17,65,84,87,137],"nodes.":[18],"The":[19,38,63,116,135],"proposed":[20,39],"extends":[22],"generalised":[24],"optimal":[25,73],"subpattern":[26],"assignment":[27],"(GOSPA)":[28],"metric,":[29,99],"which":[30,100],"is":[31,68,101,108,118,127],"for":[34,50,97,105,121],"sets,":[35],"graphs.":[37,62,134],"graph":[40],"GOSPA":[41],"includes":[43],"costs":[44],"associated":[45],"with":[46,81],"node":[47],"attribute":[48],"errors":[49],"properly":[51],"assigned":[52],"nodes,":[53],"missed":[54],"and":[55,58,107,125,132,144],"false":[56],"nodes":[57,76,89],"edge":[59],"mismatches":[60],"computation":[64],"this":[66],"based":[69],"on":[70],"finding":[71],"assignments":[74],"in":[77,110],"two":[79],"graphs,":[80],"possibility":[83],"leaving":[85],"some":[86],"unassigned.":[90],"We":[91],"also":[92,102],"propose":[93],"lower":[95],"bound":[96],"computable":[109],"polynomial":[111],"time":[112],"using":[113],"linear":[114],"programming.":[115],"first":[119],"derived":[120],"undirected":[122],"unweighted":[123],"it":[126],"then":[128],"extended":[129],"directed":[131],"weighted":[133],"properties":[136],"are":[140],"demonstrated":[141],"via":[142],"simulated":[143],"empirical":[145],"datasets.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
