{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399146441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3406640","title":"CRB Analysis for Mixed-ADC Based DOA Estimation","display_name":"CRB Analysis for Mixed-ADC Based DOA Estimation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399146441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3406640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2024.3406640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3406640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101640048","display_name":"Xinnan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7636-9335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinnan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000656988","display_name":"Yuanbo Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7904-9103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanbo Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065223076","display_name":"Xiaolei Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-0040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolei Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361920","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101640048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9816,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85542316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"3043","last_page":"3058"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5732237696647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4872535765171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.45293739438056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40614181756973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3810157775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3373681306838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.330413818359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28917956352233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2740553021430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17596587538719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09264382719993591}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5732237696647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4872535765171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.45293739438056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40614181756973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3810157775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3373681306838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.330413818359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28917956352233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2740553021430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17596587538719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09264382719993591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2024.3406640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3406640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1770052939","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4848329531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2208085J17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W210359992","https://openalex.org/W1521023302","https://openalex.org/W1560563382","https://openalex.org/W1814500939","https://openalex.org/W1970033169","https://openalex.org/W1974718273","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2034829035","https://openalex.org/W2054877413","https://openalex.org/W2098725264","https://openalex.org/W2112855412","https://openalex.org/W2115141757","https://openalex.org/W2116414176","https://openalex.org/W2127989808","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2134179788","https://openalex.org/W2134397831","https://openalex.org/W2149460029","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2156893865","https://openalex.org/W2169652966","https://openalex.org/W2528695050","https://openalex.org/W2598194391","https://openalex.org/W2636013260","https://openalex.org/W2737827235","https://openalex.org/W2791444548","https://openalex.org/W2798777289","https://openalex.org/W2808706916","https://openalex.org/W2889447576","https://openalex.org/W2898755346","https://openalex.org/W2909890640","https://openalex.org/W2920229881","https://openalex.org/W2944333051","https://openalex.org/W2971969030","https://openalex.org/W2999860484","https://openalex.org/W3040360205","https://openalex.org/W3104166565","https://openalex.org/W3105381059","https://openalex.org/W3140539269","https://openalex.org/W3153914969","https://openalex.org/W3209183793","https://openalex.org/W4200537477","https://openalex.org/W4206291972","https://openalex.org/W4319586351","https://openalex.org/W4375869432","https://openalex.org/W4388118570","https://openalex.org/W4389545112","https://openalex.org/W4390678378","https://openalex.org/W4391216005","https://openalex.org/W4391547805","https://openalex.org/W6692162116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W1922851888","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W2563559453","https://openalex.org/W2382330008","https://openalex.org/W1519970947","https://openalex.org/W4243860260","https://openalex.org/W4383503847","https://openalex.org/W2342695897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"consider":[1],"a":[2,26,102,130,139],"mixed":[3],"analog-to-digital":[4],"converter":[5],"(ADC)":[6],"based":[7,55,157],"architecture":[8],"consisting":[9],"of":[10,21,60,68,76,90,114,174,190,197],"high-precision":[11,83],"and":[12,144,194],"one-bit":[13,38],"ADCs":[14,39,84,115],"with":[15,48,111,116],"the":[16,49,57,61,65,69,74,87,91,107,123,136,146,155,161,166,172,178,188,191,195],"antenna-varying":[17,50],"threshold":[18,51],"for":[19,37],"direction":[20],"arrival":[22],"(DOA)":[23],"estimation":[24,180],"using":[25],"uniform":[27],"linear":[28],"array":[29],"(ULA),":[30],"which":[31,71],"utilizes":[32],"fixed":[33],"but":[34],"different":[35,41,117],"thresholds":[36],"across":[40],"receive":[42],"antennas.":[43],"The":[44],"Cram\u00b4er-Rao":[45],"bound":[46,59],"(CRB)":[47],"is":[52,109],"obtained.":[53],"Then":[54],"on":[56,73],"lower":[58],"CRB,":[62],"we":[63,128,134,164],"derive":[64],"asymptotic":[66],"CRB":[67,192],"DOA,":[70],"depends":[72],"placement":[75],"mixed-ADC.":[77],"Our":[78],"analysis":[79,193],"shows":[80],"that":[81],"distributing":[82],"evenly":[85],"around":[86],"two":[88,112],"edges":[89],"ULA":[92,108],"yields":[93],"improved":[94],"performance.":[95,181],"This":[96],"result":[97],"can":[98],"be":[99],"extended":[100],"to":[101,154,169,186],"more":[103],"general":[104],"case":[105],"where":[106],"equipped":[110],"types":[113],"quantization":[118],"precisions.":[119],"To":[120],"efficiently":[121],"obtain":[122],"maximum":[124],"likelihood":[125],"DOA":[126,158,179],"estimates,":[127],"propose":[129],"two-step":[131],"algorithm.":[132],"Firstly,":[133],"formulate":[135],"model":[137],"as":[138],"sparse":[140,147],"signal":[141],"representation":[142],"problem,":[143],"modify":[145],"learning":[148],"via":[149],"iterative":[150],"minimization":[151],"(SLIM)":[152],"approach":[153,168],"mixed-ADC":[156],"estimation.":[159],"In":[160],"second":[162],"step,":[163],"use":[165],"relaxation-based":[167],"cyclically":[170],"refine":[171],"estimates":[173],"SLIM,":[175],"further":[176],"enhancing":[177],"Numerical":[182],"examples":[183],"are":[184],"presented":[185],"demonstrate":[187],"validity":[189],"effectiveness":[196],"our":[198],"methods.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}