{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391421140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3361090","title":"Activity Detection for Massive Connectivity in Cell-Free Networks With Unknown Large-Scale Fading, Channel Statistics, Noise Variance, and Activity Probability: A Bayesian Approach","display_name":"Activity Detection for Massive Connectivity in Cell-Free Networks With Unknown Large-Scale Fading, Channel Statistics, Noise Variance, and Activity Probability: A Bayesian Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391421140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3361090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2024.3361090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3361090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.16775","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114626675","display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-7383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-7383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090195902","display_name":"Qingfeng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0181-7437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0181-7437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421710","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1112-057X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099586","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data","ror":"https://ror.org/00z1gwf89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1112-057X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625462","display_name":"Lei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-0547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-0547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085964667","display_name":"Yik\u2010Chung Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2738-0387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yik-Chung Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2738-0387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1817,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95850854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"942","last_page":"957"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.7849713563919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6229825019836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5824434757232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5567267537117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5258170366287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.5066874623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5058138370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.49374470114707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.47645023465156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.4760175347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.44815126061439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4447583556175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.43836745619773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.43708494305610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4317484498023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.4297707974910736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32363536953926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31457406282424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2222203016281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.18008047342300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1289968490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10833773016929626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.7849713563919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6229825019836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5824434757232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5567267537117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5258170366287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.5066874623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5058138370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.49374470114707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.47645023465156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.4760175347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.44815126061439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4447583556175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.43836745619773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.43708494305610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4317484498023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.4297707974910736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32363536953926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31457406282424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2222203016281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.18008047342300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1289968490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10833773016929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2024.3361090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2024.3361090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.16775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.16775","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.16775","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.16775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.16775","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.16775","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1669538799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"226-2023-00012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4291666805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7877053274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371418","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322927","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391421140.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391421140.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574260077","https://openalex.org/W1575828036","https://openalex.org/W2022240938","https://openalex.org/W2024749214","https://openalex.org/W2061225176","https://openalex.org/W2067821313","https://openalex.org/W2068283898","https://openalex.org/W2098212908","https://openalex.org/W2125838225","https://openalex.org/W2143884558","https://openalex.org/W2164129707","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2706056020","https://openalex.org/W2714011371","https://openalex.org/W2769210275","https://openalex.org/W2778904866","https://openalex.org/W2784331297","https://openalex.org/W2797535556","https://openalex.org/W2883289908","https://openalex.org/W2890736047","https://openalex.org/W2920228847","https://openalex.org/W2952268029","https://openalex.org/W2963116117","https://openalex.org/W2963207194","https://openalex.org/W2963245348","https://openalex.org/W2963594577","https://openalex.org/W2981917204","https://openalex.org/W3001370401","https://openalex.org/W3004212706","https://openalex.org/W3006881319","https://openalex.org/W3010632924","https://openalex.org/W3081477053","https://openalex.org/W3082876858","https://openalex.org/W3158961426","https://openalex.org/W3188366979","https://openalex.org/W3206148293","https://openalex.org/W3211252859","https://openalex.org/W4205641554","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4214943862","https://openalex.org/W4225938738","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4288388710","https://openalex.org/W4290715637","https://openalex.org/W4290993999","https://openalex.org/W4295789396","https://openalex.org/W4312243043","https://openalex.org/W4312922447","https://openalex.org/W4392904648","https://openalex.org/W6713884384"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1931943713","https://openalex.org/W301676527","https://openalex.org/W2991224564","https://openalex.org/W1839961359","https://openalex.org/W3140554627","https://openalex.org/W1757854673","https://openalex.org/W4289865786","https://openalex.org/W2110670012","https://openalex.org/W2507345605","https://openalex.org/W2103028776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Activity":[0],"detection":[1,96],"is":[2,70],"an":[3],"important":[4],"task":[5],"in":[6,74],"the":[7,31,45,94,99,113,117,132,152,157],"next":[8],"generation":[9],"grant-free":[10],"multiple":[11],"access.":[12],"While":[13],"there":[14,78],"are":[15,79,120,146],"a":[16,57,135,137,142],"number":[17],"of":[18,81,159],"existing":[19,166],"algorithms":[20],"designed":[21],"for":[22],"this":[23,88,110],"purpose,":[24],"they":[25],"mostly":[26],"require":[27],"precise":[28],"information":[29,54],"about":[30],"network,":[32],"such":[33,169],"as":[34,77,128,170],"large-scale":[35],"fading":[36,39],"coefficients,":[37],"small-scale":[38],"channel":[40],"statistics,":[41],"noise":[42],"variance":[43],"at":[44],"access":[46],"points,":[47],"and":[48,60,141,172],"user":[49],"activity":[50,95],"probability.":[51],"Acquiring":[52],"these":[53,82,160],"would":[55],"take":[56],"significant":[58],"overhead":[59],"their":[61],"estimated":[62],"values":[63],"might":[64],"not":[65],"be":[66,85],"accurate.":[67],"This":[68],"problem":[69,97],"even":[71,155],"more":[72],"severe":[73],"cell-free":[75],"networks":[76],"many":[80,107],"parameters":[83],"to":[84,92,104],"acquired.":[86],"Therefore,":[87],"paper":[89,111],"sets":[90],"out":[91],"investigate":[93],"without":[98,156],"above-mentioned":[100],"information.":[101],"In":[102],"order":[103],"handle":[105],"so":[106],"unknown":[108,118],"parameters,":[109,162],"employs":[112],"Bayesian":[114],"approach,":[115],"where":[116],"variables":[119],"endowed":[121],"with":[122,131],"prior":[123],"distributions":[124],"which":[125],"effectively":[126],"act":[127],"regularizations.":[129],"Together":[130],"likelihood":[133],"function,":[134],"maximum":[136],"posteriori":[138],"(MAP)":[139],"estimator":[140],"variational":[143],"inference":[144],"algorithm":[145],"derived.":[147],"Extensive":[148],"simulations":[149],"demonstrate":[150],"that":[151],"proposed":[153],"methods,":[154,168],"knowledge":[158],"system":[161],"perform":[163],"better":[164],"than":[165],"state-of-the-art":[167],"covariance-based":[171],"approximate":[173],"message":[174],"passing":[175],"methods.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2024-02-01T00:00:00"}