{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206688484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3132485","title":"Complex Parameter Rao, Wald, Gradient, and Durbin Tests for Multichannel Signal Detection","display_name":"Complex Parameter Rao, Wald, Gradient, and Durbin Tests for Multichannel Signal Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206688484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3132485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2021.3132485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3132485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083817305","display_name":"Mengru Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-6307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengru Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, also with the Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, also with the Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059682113","display_name":"Weijian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-8073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134970","display_name":"Wuhan Branch of the National Science Library","ror":"https://ror.org/046n0zq43","country_code":"CN","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210134970","https://openalex.org/I4210148850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Electronic Information Institute, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Electronic Information Institute, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361920","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353504","display_name":"Chengpeng Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-1099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengpeng Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083817305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.7925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99666185,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":null,"first_page":"117","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11716","display_name":"Random Matrices and Applications","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuisance-parameter","display_name":"Nuisance parameter","score":0.8140100240707397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wald-test","display_name":"Wald test","score":0.7620002031326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5728861093521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.5498656034469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.5134509801864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.48963457345962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.48026490211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likelihood-ratio-test","display_name":"Likelihood-ratio test","score":0.4617571532726288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.4522458016872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4419916868209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.4133450984954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3979509770870209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.33099639415740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.281267374753952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194531419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17104825","display_name":"Nuisance parameter","level":3,"score":0.8140100240707397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748664","display_name":"Wald test","level":3,"score":0.7620002031326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5728861093521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.5498656034469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.5134509801864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.48963457345962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.48026490211486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9483764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585740","display_name":"Likelihood-ratio test","level":2,"score":0.4617571532726288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4522458016872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4419916868209839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.4133450984954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3979509770870209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.33099639415740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.281267374753952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2021.3132485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3132485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2248090048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2557766157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3580731644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5599111120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1426280032","https://openalex.org/W1963758962","https://openalex.org/W1976044906","https://openalex.org/W1986921156","https://openalex.org/W1994992001","https://openalex.org/W2016966976","https://openalex.org/W2036601475","https://openalex.org/W2064191652","https://openalex.org/W2069205140","https://openalex.org/W2091489596","https://openalex.org/W2102649267","https://openalex.org/W2105308707","https://openalex.org/W2106999806","https://openalex.org/W2116350787","https://openalex.org/W2237986896","https://openalex.org/W2283644562","https://openalex.org/W2411873231","https://openalex.org/W2475215859","https://openalex.org/W2493482596","https://openalex.org/W2511791318","https://openalex.org/W2523689561","https://openalex.org/W2538037923","https://openalex.org/W2593316319","https://openalex.org/W2623952261","https://openalex.org/W2793168640","https://openalex.org/W2804804045","https://openalex.org/W2806219860","https://openalex.org/W2889911215","https://openalex.org/W2960132740","https://openalex.org/W2969558369","https://openalex.org/W2971373613","https://openalex.org/W2989550119","https://openalex.org/W3003095441","https://openalex.org/W3013105952","https://openalex.org/W3038644590","https://openalex.org/W3048658198","https://openalex.org/W3085001125","https://openalex.org/W3105323113","https://openalex.org/W3126357218","https://openalex.org/W3135759753","https://openalex.org/W4293005804","https://openalex.org/W4299448626","https://openalex.org/W4362230038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159195662","https://openalex.org/W2069215735","https://openalex.org/W2093700538","https://openalex.org/W3003095441","https://openalex.org/W2374441430","https://openalex.org/W1972093502","https://openalex.org/W3044716326","https://openalex.org/W2049429678","https://openalex.org/W2013027676","https://openalex.org/W1908538146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,11,17,22,28,34,41,72,76,82,101,106,121,150,155,179],"problem":[2],"of":[3,33,74,81,105,146,149],"multichannel":[4],"signal":[5],"detection,":[6],"when":[7,85],"it":[8],"comes":[9],"to":[10,26,57,177],"detector":[12],"design":[13],"criteria":[14],"apart":[15],"from":[16],"generalized":[18],"likelihood":[19],"ratio":[20],"test,":[21],"traditional":[23],"method":[24,46],"is":[25,47,87],"cascade":[27],"real":[29,42,77,125],"and":[30,36,50,55,69,78,110,115,119,126,159],"imaginary":[31,79],"parts":[32,80],"parameters,":[35,118],"then":[37],"substitute":[38],"them":[39],"into":[40],"parameter":[43,62,103,128,152],"statistics.":[44,129],"This":[45],"not":[48],"succinct,":[49],"sometimes":[51],"may":[52],"be":[53],"cumbersome":[54],"difficult":[56],"handle.":[58],"Recently,":[59],"a":[60,97,132,144],"complex":[61,83,102,127,151,167],"Rao":[63],"test":[64],"was":[65],"introduced":[66],"by":[67,92],"Kay":[68],"Zhu":[70],"without":[71,116],"need":[73],"cascading":[75],"parameters":[84],"there":[86],"no":[88],"nuisance":[89,117],"parameter.":[90],"Inspired":[91],"this":[93],"work,":[94],"we":[95,142],"move":[96],"further":[98],"step":[99],"toward":[100],"statistics":[104,153],"Rao,":[107],"Wald,":[108],"gradient,":[109],"Durbin":[111],"tests":[112],"both":[113],"with":[114],"derive":[120,143],"relationships":[122],"between":[123],"their":[124,161],"Moreover,":[130],"for":[131,154],"special":[133],"Fisher":[134],"information":[135],"matrix":[136],"which":[137],"often":[138],"holds":[139],"in":[140,164],"practice,":[141],"series":[145],"simple":[147],"forms":[148],"above":[156],"four":[157],"criteria,":[158],"discuss":[160],"application":[162,173],"conditions":[163],"linear":[165],"multivariate":[166],"circular":[168],"Gaussian":[169],"distribution.":[170],"Finally,":[171],"several":[172],"examples":[174],"are":[175],"given":[176],"confirm":[178],"proposed":[180],"schemes.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}