{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126258971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3101696","title":"Near-Field Tracking With Large Antenna Arrays: Fundamental Limits and Practical Algorithms","display_name":"Near-Field Tracking With Large Antenna Arrays: Fundamental Limits and Practical Algorithms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126258971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3101696","mag":"3126258971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2021.3101696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3101696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.05890","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051183155","display_name":"Anna Guerra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-1444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098188","display_name":"Laboratori Guglielmo Marconi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3vad87","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Guerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["WiLAB - Department of Electrical and Information Engineering \u201cGuglielmo Marconi\u201d - CNIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy","[WiLAB - Department of Electrical and Information Engineering \u201cGuglielmo Marconi\u201d - CNIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WiLAB - Department of Electrical and Information Engineering \u201cGuglielmo Marconi\u201d - CNIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[WiLAB - Department of Electrical and Information Engineering \u201cGuglielmo Marconi\u201d - CNIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011461243","display_name":"Francesco Guidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1773-8541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100607","display_name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4jbh84","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Guidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["WiLAB, CNR-IEIIT, Bologna, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WiLAB, CNR-IEIIT, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064176463","display_name":"Davide Dardari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-1310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098188","display_name":"Laboratori Guglielmo Marconi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3vad87","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Dardari","raw_affiliation_strings":["WiLAB - Department of Electrical and Information Engineering \u201cGuglielmo Marconi\u201d - CNIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy","[WiLAB - Department of Electrical and Information Engineering \u201cGuglielmo Marconi\u201d - CNIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WiLAB - Department of Electrical and Information Engineering \u201cGuglielmo Marconi\u201d - CNIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[WiLAB - Department of Electrical and Information Engineering \u201cGuglielmo Marconi\u201d - CNIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006962534","display_name":"Petar M. Djuri\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7791-3199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Djuric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051183155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188","https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62702291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":null,"first_page":"5723","last_page":"5738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavefront","display_name":"Wavefront","score":0.6262328624725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.552066445350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.521266758441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5180194973945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5167802572250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.4773178994655609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4588589668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-and-far-field","display_name":"Near and far field","score":0.42797866463661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.42584794759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.38895276188850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2704307436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19411301612854004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.6262328624725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.552066445350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.521266758441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5180194973945618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5167802572250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.4773178994655609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4588589668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.42797866463661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.42584794759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38895276188850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2704307436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19411301612854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2021.3101696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3101696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.05890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.05890","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.05890","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2102.05890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2102.05890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.17023/dw8k-4134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17023/dw8k-4134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051697","display_name":"IEEE RESOURCE CENTERS","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3126258971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.05890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.05890","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.05890","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88520345","https://openalex.org/W1525535255","https://openalex.org/W1556815202","https://openalex.org/W1812240687","https://openalex.org/W1910610527","https://openalex.org/W1964209088","https://openalex.org/W1965665622","https://openalex.org/W1984872964","https://openalex.org/W1996436770","https://openalex.org/W1997483434","https://openalex.org/W2012197287","https://openalex.org/W2023233609","https://openalex.org/W2028082528","https://openalex.org/W2040196349","https://openalex.org/W2044032044","https://openalex.org/W2068651508","https://openalex.org/W2098421625","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2104130465","https://openalex.org/W2112456784","https://openalex.org/W2126736494","https://openalex.org/W2131355302","https://openalex.org/W2135935364","https://openalex.org/W2143737806","https://openalex.org/W2144084055","https://openalex.org/W2145629606","https://openalex.org/W2145633829","https://openalex.org/W2146027721","https://openalex.org/W2146881125","https://openalex.org/W2162524281","https://openalex.org/W2165309036","https://openalex.org/W2240343201","https://openalex.org/W2294875987","https://openalex.org/W2469797310","https://openalex.org/W2558265949","https://openalex.org/W2587623256","https://openalex.org/W2594045169","https://openalex.org/W2596503207","https://openalex.org/W2612712014","https://openalex.org/W2617211273","https://openalex.org/W2732748178","https://openalex.org/W2807422948","https://openalex.org/W2867591079","https://openalex.org/W2883152037","https://openalex.org/W2898585596","https://openalex.org/W2900232594","https://openalex.org/W2952066149","https://openalex.org/W2963478408","https://openalex.org/W2963904864","https://openalex.org/W2980681880","https://openalex.org/W3043945754","https://openalex.org/W3045941612","https://openalex.org/W3083154814","https://openalex.org/W3121435115","https://openalex.org/W3121523871","https://openalex.org/W3128409631","https://openalex.org/W3177532826","https://openalex.org/W3189447947","https://openalex.org/W4232464081","https://openalex.org/W4255133955","https://openalex.org/W6676982096","https://openalex.org/W6794645128","https://openalex.org/W6840138718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2956739981","https://openalex.org/W2056953991","https://openalex.org/W3003282392","https://openalex.org/W2097876327","https://openalex.org/W2952096441","https://openalex.org/W34011545","https://openalex.org/W2906355787","https://openalex.org/W2305823342","https://openalex.org/W2026424390","https://openalex.org/W2152094084","https://openalex.org/W2902657234","https://openalex.org/W3020447012","https://openalex.org/W1498216829","https://openalex.org/W3083826511","https://openalex.org/W3188340071","https://openalex.org/W2102669191","https://openalex.org/W260391290","https://openalex.org/W2185557972","https://openalex.org/W1611374569","https://openalex.org/W3177174428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Applications":[0],"towards":[1,8],"6G":[2],"have":[3],"brought":[4],"a":[5,11,66,74,91,101,113,128],"huge":[6],"interest":[7],"arrays":[9],"with":[10,116],"high":[12,204],"number":[13],"of":[14,70,76,112,127,152,163,171,182,190,206,217],"antennas":[15],"and":[16,21,28,109,144,179,194,203,216],"operating":[17],"within":[18],"the":[19,34,43,48,54,58,68,77,86,107,110,124,138,150,156,164,177,188,201,211],"millimeter":[20],"sub-THz":[22],"bandwidths":[23],"for":[24,105,123,213],"joint":[25],"communication,":[26],"sensing,":[27],"localization.":[29],"With":[30],"such":[31,65],"large":[32,93,129],"arrays,":[33],"plane":[35],"wave":[36],"approximation":[37],"is":[38,62,73],"often":[39],"not":[40],"accurate":[41],"because":[42],"system":[44],"may":[45],"operate":[46],"in":[47,187],"(radiating)":[49],"near-field":[50,102],"propagation":[51],"region,":[52,56],"namely":[53],"Fresnel":[55,157],"where":[57],"electromagnetic":[59],"field":[60],"wavefront":[61,79],"spherical.":[63],"In":[64,96],"case,":[67],"curvature":[69],"arrival":[71],"(CoA)":[72],"measure":[75],"spherical":[78],"that":[80,121],"can":[81],"be":[82],"used":[83],"to":[84],"infer":[85],"source":[87,115],"position":[88,108],"using":[89],"only":[90],"single":[92],"antenna":[94],"array.":[95,131],"this":[97,133],"paper,":[98],"we":[99,136,145,175],"study":[100],"tracking":[103,134,185,208],"problem":[104],"inferring":[106],"velocity":[111],"moving":[114],"an":[117,161],"ad-hoc":[118],"observation":[119],"model":[120,191],"accounts":[122],"phase-difference":[125],"profile":[126],"receiving":[130],"For":[132],"problem,":[135],"derive":[137],"posterior":[139],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[140],"Lower":[141],"Bound":[142],"(P-CRLB),":[143],"provide":[146],"insights":[147],"on":[148],"how":[149],"loss":[151],"positioning":[153],"information":[154],"outside":[155],"region":[158],"results":[159,199],"from":[160,169],"increase":[162],"ranging":[165],"error":[166],"rather":[167],"than":[168],"inaccuracies":[170],"angular":[172],"estimation.":[173],"Then,":[174],"investigate":[176],"accuracy":[178,205],"complexity":[180],"performance":[181],"different":[183],"Bayesian":[184],"algorithms":[186],"presence":[189],"parameter":[192],"mismatches":[193],"abrupt":[195],"trajectory":[196],"changes.":[197],"Our":[198],"demonstrate":[200],"feasibility":[202],"most":[207],"approaches":[209],"without":[210],"need":[212],"wideband":[214],"signals":[215],"any":[218],"synchronization":[219],"scheme.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
