{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081147848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3092377","title":"Solving Stochastic Compositional Optimization is Nearly as Easy as Solving Stochastic Optimization","display_name":"Solving Stochastic Compositional Optimization is Nearly as Easy as Solving Stochastic Optimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081147848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3092377","mag":"3081147848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2021.3092377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3092377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.10847","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783476","display_name":"Tianyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-1439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, and the Institute for Data Exploration and Applications, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, and the Institute for Data Exploration and Applications, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015204329","display_name":"Yuejiao Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuejiao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085908411","display_name":"Wotao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wotao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100783476"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95934977,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":null,"first_page":"4937","last_page":"4948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-optimization","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","score":0.8689368963241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-gradient-descent","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","score":0.6809279322624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6330917477607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5735253691673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5483059883117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-approximation","display_name":"Stochastic approximation","score":0.5186538100242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-programming","display_name":"Stochastic programming","score":0.5175318121910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.4809531271457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4509161114692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-modelling","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","score":0.43761178851127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4118771553039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2763252258300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17974290251731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.11102020740509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.07700648903846741}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194387892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","level":2,"score":0.8689368963241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206688291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617819","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.6809279322624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6330917477607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5735253691673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5483059883117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55479107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97663916","display_name":"Stochastic approximation","level":3,"score":0.5186538100242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.5175318121910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.4809531271457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4509161114692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127491075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617825","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","level":2,"score":0.43761178851127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4118771553039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2763252258300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17974290251731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.11102020740509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.07700648903846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2021.3092377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3092377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.10847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.10847","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.10847","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.10847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.10847","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.10847","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1913587455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2047177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494085563","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1541527977","https://openalex.org/W1994616650","https://openalex.org/W2107438106","https://openalex.org/W2121703796","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2753160622","https://openalex.org/W2767614206","https://openalex.org/W2770391550","https://openalex.org/W2785523195","https://openalex.org/W2795900505","https://openalex.org/W2807364911","https://openalex.org/W2808953177","https://openalex.org/W2810882972","https://openalex.org/W2886837499","https://openalex.org/W2925446857","https://openalex.org/W2926246612","https://openalex.org/W2944913783","https://openalex.org/W2952215077","https://openalex.org/W2952689429","https://openalex.org/W2953884745","https://openalex.org/W2954737642","https://openalex.org/W2962696654","https://openalex.org/W2962890301","https://openalex.org/W2963008041","https://openalex.org/W2963411541","https://openalex.org/W2963415882","https://openalex.org/W2963433607","https://openalex.org/W2963470657","https://openalex.org/W2963563140","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964158744","https://openalex.org/W2964255842","https://openalex.org/W2970005388","https://openalex.org/W2970188251","https://openalex.org/W2970821315","https://openalex.org/W2978843034","https://openalex.org/W2981439104","https://openalex.org/W2989715069","https://openalex.org/W2995627493","https://openalex.org/W3003265671","https://openalex.org/W3005222308","https://openalex.org/W3005787005","https://openalex.org/W3008360155","https://openalex.org/W3011766119","https://openalex.org/W3022312941","https://openalex.org/W3024230214","https://openalex.org/W3037724881","https://openalex.org/W3081147848","https://openalex.org/W3174976469","https://openalex.org/W4247165901","https://openalex.org/W4294646197","https://openalex.org/W6676105031","https://openalex.org/W6677984395","https://openalex.org/W6680196509","https://openalex.org/W6681435938","https://openalex.org/W6726059432","https://openalex.org/W6728561528","https://openalex.org/W6734509502","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6743661861","https://openalex.org/W6745956907","https://openalex.org/W6750254146","https://openalex.org/W6752458581","https://openalex.org/W6753122105","https://openalex.org/W6753892653","https://openalex.org/W6760842081","https://openalex.org/W6762741495","https://openalex.org/W6764302518","https://openalex.org/W6765145614","https://openalex.org/W6765176130","https://openalex.org/W6766285669","https://openalex.org/W6767067800","https://openalex.org/W6768560635","https://openalex.org/W6770082796","https://openalex.org/W6770416249","https://openalex.org/W6773716799","https://openalex.org/W6774352360","https://openalex.org/W6782057168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286899070","https://openalex.org/W4323366756","https://openalex.org/W3207830353","https://openalex.org/W4285259204","https://openalex.org/W3109737792","https://openalex.org/W2281909915","https://openalex.org/W3109198354","https://openalex.org/W2603686330","https://openalex.org/W937081240","https://openalex.org/W4294992859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stochastic":[0,29,51],"compositional":[1,30,102,123],"optimization":[2,7,31],"generalizes":[3],"classic":[4],"(non-compositional)":[5],"stochastic":[6,81,88,101,122,146],"to":[8,73,98,108,112,130],"the":[9,76,80,133,141,152],"minimization":[10],"of":[11,13,24,136,140],"compositions":[12],"functions.":[14],"Each":[15],"composition":[16],"may":[17,26],"introduce":[18],"an":[19],"additional":[20],"expectation.":[21],"The":[22],"series":[23],"expectations":[25],"be":[27],"nested.":[28],"is":[32,91,106],"gaining":[33],"popularity":[34],"in":[35,58],"applications":[36],"such":[37],"as":[38,79],"reinforcement":[39],"learning":[40],"and":[41,71,132],"meta":[42],"learning.":[43],"This":[44,90,115],"paper":[45],"presents":[46],"a":[47,59,63,67,95,99],"new":[48],"Stochastically":[49],"Corrected":[50],"Compositional":[52],"gradient":[53,82,103],"method":[54,85],"(SCSC).":[55],"SCSC":[56,117,150],"runs":[57],"single-time":[60],"scale":[61],"with":[62],"single":[64],"loop,":[65],"uses":[66],"fixed":[68],"batch":[69],"size,":[70],"guarantees":[72],"converge":[74],"at":[75],"same":[77],"rate":[78,135],"descent":[83],"(SGD)":[84],"for":[86,121],"non-compositional":[87,145],"optimization.":[89,124,147],"achieved":[92],"by":[93],"making":[94],"careful":[96],"improvement":[97],"popular":[100],"method.":[104],"It":[105],"easy":[107],"apply":[109,128],"SGD-improvement":[110],"techniques":[111],"accelerate":[113],"SCSC.":[114],"helps":[116],"achieve":[118],"state-of-the-art":[119],"performance":[120],"In":[125],"particular,":[126],"we":[127],"Adam":[129,143],"SCSC,":[131],"exhibited":[134],"convergence":[137],"matches":[138],"that":[139],"original":[142],"on":[144],"We":[148],"test":[149],"using":[151],"model-agnostic":[153],"meta-learning":[154],"tasks.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
