{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129761640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3052997","title":"Spectrally-Agile Waveform Design for Wideband MIMO Radar Transmit Beampattern Synthesis via Majorization-ADMM","display_name":"Spectrally-Agile Waveform Design for Wideband MIMO Radar Transmit Beampattern Synthesis via Majorization-ADMM","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129761640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3052997","mag":"3129761640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2021.3052997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3052997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049716510","display_name":"Wen Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-9659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u00e1n, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u00e1n, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077561795","display_name":"Junli Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6112-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junli Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u00e1n, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u00e1n, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109299052","display_name":"Guangshan Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangshan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u00e1n, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u00e1n, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013252013","display_name":"Xuhui Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-0197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u00e1n, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u00e1n, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082563150","display_name":"Hing Cheung So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-7898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hing Cheung So","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049716510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":52.5435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99751139,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":null,"first_page":"1563","last_page":"1578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.522328794002533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5157290101051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.512349009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5009069442749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.48650091886520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.47908931970596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majorization","display_name":"Majorization","score":0.4661596715450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.45103439688682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4329811930656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.41447293758392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.41273078322410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3879280686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3488864600658417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.336234450340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2179189920425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.21239951252937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10312595963478088}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.522328794002533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5157290101051331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.512349009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5009069442749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.48650091886520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.47908931970596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777818330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1994695","display_name":"Majorization","level":2,"score":0.4661596715450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.45103439688682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4329811930656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.41447293758392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.41273078322410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3879280686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3488864600658417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.336234450340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2179189920425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.21239951252937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10312595963478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2021.3052997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3052997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1080325140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61\u00a0471\u00a0295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3907044390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201920053001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","funder_display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8686703743","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX202035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","funder_display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/02wq41p38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595851582","https://openalex.org/W1511503348","https://openalex.org/W1977901803","https://openalex.org/W1996961940","https://openalex.org/W2002582936","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2097767885","https://openalex.org/W2101815503","https://openalex.org/W2102283502","https://openalex.org/W2104600236","https://openalex.org/W2105693192","https://openalex.org/W2110411562","https://openalex.org/W2112298320","https://openalex.org/W2121570046","https://openalex.org/W2129640939","https://openalex.org/W2132702454","https://openalex.org/W2142067208","https://openalex.org/W2149414429","https://openalex.org/W2152293874","https://openalex.org/W2155951048","https://openalex.org/W2159693415","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2210084516","https://openalex.org/W2295652899","https://openalex.org/W2324740189","https://openalex.org/W2341365152","https://openalex.org/W2433540525","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2535013035","https://openalex.org/W2542663607","https://openalex.org/W2586337839","https://openalex.org/W2586410079","https://openalex.org/W2611118235","https://openalex.org/W2639082558","https://openalex.org/W2708665101","https://openalex.org/W2727453073","https://openalex.org/W2766643046","https://openalex.org/W2809430501","https://openalex.org/W2810939342","https://openalex.org/W2811404158","https://openalex.org/W2891102846","https://openalex.org/W2903805593","https://openalex.org/W2913535645","https://openalex.org/W2945517207","https://openalex.org/W2946722229","https://openalex.org/W2962853966","https://openalex.org/W2967239700","https://openalex.org/W2969095443","https://openalex.org/W3000657217","https://openalex.org/W3002656838","https://openalex.org/W3003135299","https://openalex.org/W3012445440","https://openalex.org/W3152373931","https://openalex.org/W4244393449","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4292363360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W371413493","https://openalex.org/W1988514170","https://openalex.org/W4320039931","https://openalex.org/W4313303878","https://openalex.org/W4214702501","https://openalex.org/W2050374035","https://openalex.org/W2524413221","https://openalex.org/W4286569445","https://openalex.org/W4315783257","https://openalex.org/W2047743558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,36,44,68,100,117,122,130,134,140,161,164],"problem":[4],"of":[5,38,99,106,139,163],"wideband":[6],"multiple-input":[7],"multiple-output":[8],"radar":[9],"transmit":[10],"beampattern":[11,32,50],"synthesis":[12],"in":[13,83],"a":[14,73],"spectrally":[15],"dense":[16],"environment,":[17],"and":[18,57,91,102,124,127,144,148],"two":[19],"optimization":[20],"problems":[21,88],"are":[22,89,109,146,157],"formulated":[23],"according":[24],"to":[25,62,111,120,132,159],"practical":[26],"consideration.":[27],"The":[28,86,97],"first":[29,115],"one":[30],"is":[31,81,151],"matching":[33],"design":[34,51],"under":[35],"scenario":[37],"known":[39],"interference":[40,54,58],"spectral":[41,55],"band":[42,56],"while":[43],"second":[45],"addresses":[46],"minimum":[47],"peak":[48],"sidelobe":[49],"given":[52],"both":[53],"direction.":[59],"In":[60],"addition,":[61],"improve":[63],"transmission":[64],"efficiency,":[65],"other":[66],"than":[67],"peak-to-average":[69],"power":[70],"ratio":[71],"constraint,":[72,76],"useful":[74],"modulus":[75],"namely,":[77],"dynamic":[78],"range":[79],"ratio,":[80],"adopted":[82],"our":[84],"development.":[85],"resultant":[87],"nonconvex":[90,123],"nonsmooth,":[92],"together":[93],"with":[94],"multiple":[95],"constraints.":[96],"advantages":[98],"majorization-minimization":[101],"alternating":[103],"direction":[104],"method":[105],"multipliers":[107],"(ADMM)":[108],"combined":[110],"handle":[112,121],"them.":[113],"We":[114],"use":[116],"majorization":[118],"technique":[119],"nonsmooth":[125],"issues":[126],"then":[128],"utilize":[129],"ADMM":[131],"solve":[133],"multi-constrained":[135],"problem.":[136],"Two":[137],"variants":[138],"ADMM,":[141],"called":[142],"majorization-ADMM":[143],"proximal-ADMM,":[145],"devised,":[147],"their":[149],"convergence":[150],"also":[152],"studied.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"numerical":[155],"examples":[156],"provided":[158],"verify":[160],"effectiveness":[162],"proposed":[165],"algorithms.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
