{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907414710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2923151","title":"Location-Free Spectrum Cartography","display_name":"Location-Free Spectrum Cartography","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907414710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2923151","mag":"2907414710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2019.2923151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2923151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.11539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048387728","display_name":"Yves Teganya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-7578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yves Teganya","raw_affiliation_strings":["WISENET Center, Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-7578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WISENET Center, Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078157470","display_name":"Daniel Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8498-0207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["WISENET Center, Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8498-0207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WISENET Center, Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075672443","display_name":"Luis M. L\u00f3pez-Ramos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8072-3994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Miguel Lopez Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["WISENET Center, Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8072-3994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WISENET Center, Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047173758","display_name":"Baltasar Beferull\u2010Lozano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-6245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200650556","display_name":"University of Agder","ror":"https://ror.org/03x297z98","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baltasar Beferull-Lozano","raw_affiliation_strings":["WISENET Center, Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-6245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WISENET Center, Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200650556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4009,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8125307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"15","first_page":"4013","last_page":"4026"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.7108516097068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6823561191558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5653551816940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.5205658078193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.49714353680610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43991440534591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41929635405540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4189172089099884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3822605609893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3628499507904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35871320962905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3320821225643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3048298954963684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.7108516097068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6823561191558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5653551816940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.5205658078193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.49714353680610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43991440534591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41929635405540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4189172089099884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3822605609893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3628499507904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35871320962905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3320821225643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3048298954963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2019.2923151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2923151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.11539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.11539","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.11539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uia.brage.unit.no:11250/2647926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2647926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"4013-4026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1812.11539","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.11539","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.11539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W640676175","https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W1515135833","https://openalex.org/W1516431056","https://openalex.org/W1540155273","https://openalex.org/W1553407966","https://openalex.org/W1560724230","https://openalex.org/W1573301526","https://openalex.org/W1582561767","https://openalex.org/W1596176149","https://openalex.org/W1601795611","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1804110266","https://openalex.org/W1942085012","https://openalex.org/W1983559465","https://openalex.org/W1994416893","https://openalex.org/W2019007097","https://openalex.org/W2045768730","https://openalex.org/W2054799039","https://openalex.org/W2058078260","https://openalex.org/W2081852099","https://openalex.org/W2089593262","https://openalex.org/W2091190815","https://openalex.org/W2091484400","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2108924122","https://openalex.org/W2115877982","https://openalex.org/W2117730682","https://openalex.org/W2118550318","https://openalex.org/W2124608575","https://openalex.org/W2127002206","https://openalex.org/W2134332047","https://openalex.org/W2140266441","https://openalex.org/W2144010578","https://openalex.org/W2157879939","https://openalex.org/W2162164723","https://openalex.org/W2163993204","https://openalex.org/W2167342507","https://openalex.org/W2167623372","https://openalex.org/W2414995726","https://openalex.org/W2543393765","https://openalex.org/W2608018571","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W2611328865","https://openalex.org/W2611569802","https://openalex.org/W2684068138","https://openalex.org/W2712405193","https://openalex.org/W2749464861","https://openalex.org/W2762029638","https://openalex.org/W2891635457","https://openalex.org/W2891707769","https://openalex.org/W2913243980","https://openalex.org/W3099611313","https://openalex.org/W3140440502","https://openalex.org/W3144619878","https://openalex.org/W4205293427","https://openalex.org/W4233518571","https://openalex.org/W4247222564","https://openalex.org/W4379358956","https://openalex.org/W6634173106","https://openalex.org/W6655188558","https://openalex.org/W6677679177","https://openalex.org/W6684641359","https://openalex.org/W6758804334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559261346","https://openalex.org/W4280609833","https://openalex.org/W2059212413","https://openalex.org/W2009650631","https://openalex.org/W2015186382","https://openalex.org/W1930520249","https://openalex.org/W1866662484","https://openalex.org/W2982644445","https://openalex.org/W2842968011","https://openalex.org/W3040979784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"cartography":[1,47],"constructs":[2],"maps":[3,28,96],"of":[4,18,26,52,94,100,126],"metrics":[5],"such":[6,80],"as":[7,133],"channel":[8],"gain":[9],"or":[10,74],"received":[11],"signal":[12],"power":[13,34],"across":[14],"a":[15,42,81,86,119],"geographic":[16],"area":[17],"interest":[19],"using":[20],"spatially":[21],"distributed":[22],"sensor":[23,54],"measurements.":[24],"Applications":[25],"these":[27,101],"include":[29],"network":[30],"planning,":[31],"interference":[32],"coordination,":[33],"control,":[35],"localization,":[36,132],"and":[37,117],"cognitive":[38],"radios":[39],"to":[40],"name":[41],"few.":[43],"Since":[44],"existing":[45,128],"spectrum":[46,90],"techniques":[48],"require":[49],"accurate":[50],"estimates":[51],"the":[53,64,127],"locations,":[55],"their":[56],"performance":[57,123],"is":[58],"drastically":[59],"impaired":[60],"by":[61,135],"multipath":[62],"affecting":[63],"positioning":[65,102],"pilot":[66],"signals.":[67],"This":[68],"phenomenon":[69],"occurs":[70],"especially":[71],"in":[72,138],"indoor":[73,139],"dense":[75],"urban":[76],"scenarios.":[77,140],"To":[78],"overcome":[79],"limitation,":[82],"this":[83,115],"paper":[84],"introduces":[85],"novel":[87],"paradigm":[88],"for":[89],"cartography,":[91],"where":[92],"estimation":[93,122],"spectral":[95],"relies":[97],"on":[98,106,114,131],"features":[99],"signals":[103],"rather":[104],"than":[105,124],"location":[107],"estimates.":[108],"Specific":[109],"learning":[110],"algorithms":[111],"are":[112],"built":[113],"approach":[116],"offer":[118],"markedly":[120],"improved":[121],"those":[125],"approaches":[129],"relying":[130],"demonstrated":[134],"simulation":[136],"studies":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}