{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945517207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2917871","title":"MIMO Radar Waveform Design for Quasi-Equiripple Transmit Beampattern Synthesis via Weighted $l_p$-Minimization","display_name":"MIMO Radar Waveform Design for Quasi-Equiripple Transmit Beampattern Synthesis via Weighted $l_p$-Minimization","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945517207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2917871","mag":"2945517207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2019.2917871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2917871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049716510","display_name":"Wen Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-9659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-9659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077561795","display_name":"Junli Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-2294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junli Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-2294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061726349","display_name":"Guoyang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-4593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoyang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082563150","display_name":"Hing Cheung So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-7898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hing Cheung So","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-7898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109299052","display_name":"Guangshan Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangshan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":68.0871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9978694,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"13","first_page":"3397","last_page":"3411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5914743542671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5505360960960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5162172913551331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5154362916946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity-function","display_name":"Ambiguity function","score":0.5136772990226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.46168532967567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.45999181270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4583006501197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4378495514392853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4190632402896881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3650732934474945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35899561643600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.1689305603504181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.16158106923103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10903924703598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09627535939216614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5914743542671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5505360960960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5162172913551331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5154362916946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50878840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3206297","display_name":"Ambiguity function","level":4,"score":0.5136772990226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.46168532967567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.45999181270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4583006501197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4378495514392853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4190632402896881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3650732934474945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35899561643600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.1689305603504181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.16158106923103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10903924703598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09627535939216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2019.2917871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2917871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7438042499","display_name":"\u4ea4\u66ff\u65b9\u5411\u4e58\u5b50\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528","funder_award_id":"61471295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W1559261959","https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2021179524","https://openalex.org/W2033550848","https://openalex.org/W2039284087","https://openalex.org/W2050968963","https://openalex.org/W2087714402","https://openalex.org/W2097767885","https://openalex.org/W2101815503","https://openalex.org/W2129640939","https://openalex.org/W2132702454","https://openalex.org/W2142067208","https://openalex.org/W2149414429","https://openalex.org/W2152293874","https://openalex.org/W2155951048","https://openalex.org/W2156821929","https://openalex.org/W2159693415","https://openalex.org/W2210084516","https://openalex.org/W2324740189","https://openalex.org/W2433540525","https://openalex.org/W2494798456","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2535013035","https://openalex.org/W2540592878","https://openalex.org/W2542663607","https://openalex.org/W2555777737","https://openalex.org/W2558218308","https://openalex.org/W2578438628","https://openalex.org/W2586337839","https://openalex.org/W2586410079","https://openalex.org/W2598076591","https://openalex.org/W2639082558","https://openalex.org/W2708665101","https://openalex.org/W2727453073","https://openalex.org/W2742993724","https://openalex.org/W2780231131","https://openalex.org/W2803472669","https://openalex.org/W2804215911","https://openalex.org/W2809430501","https://openalex.org/W2810939342","https://openalex.org/W2903805593","https://openalex.org/W2917232082","https://openalex.org/W2962834015","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996961940","https://openalex.org/W1592842440","https://openalex.org/W3080648653","https://openalex.org/W4312349250","https://openalex.org/W3008071786","https://openalex.org/W4287864158","https://openalex.org/W2141034221","https://openalex.org/W2410580629","https://openalex.org/W2585962509","https://openalex.org/W2356807673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,65],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"under":[3],"the":[4,13,50,81,84,90,94,104,116,125,130,144,159,172,177,196,200,205,216,233],"peak-to-average":[5],"power":[6],"ratio":[7],"(PAR)":[8],"and":[9,61,73,86,103,154,157,167,180,203,227],"energy":[10,87],"constraints":[11,88],"on":[12],"transmit":[14,34],"waveforms,":[15],"a":[16,119,165,186,190],"new":[17,191],"efficient":[18,168],"weighted":[19],"\u2113p-norm":[20],"metric":[21,40,127],"(with":[22],"p":[23],"\u2265":[24],"2)":[25],"is":[26,46,122],"introduced":[27,123],"for":[28],"colocated":[29],"wideband/narrowband":[30],"multiple-input":[31],"multiple-output":[32],"radar":[33,53,63,91,181],"beampattern":[35,221],"matching":[36,110],"design.":[37],"The":[38,134],"proposed":[39,126],"can":[41,77,219],"achieve":[42],"quasi-equiripple":[43],"beampattern,":[44],"which":[45],"desirable":[47],"to":[48,98,128,140,143,194,232],"improve":[49],"robustness":[51],"of":[52,59,96,115],"systems":[54],"with":[55,150,199,222],"imprecise":[56],"direction":[57],"information":[58],"targets":[60],"reduce":[62],"clutter.":[64],"addition,":[66],"mainlobe":[67,230],"ripple":[68],"control,":[69],"peak":[70,224],"sidelobe":[71,225],"suppression,":[72],"deep":[74],"null/notch":[75],"formation":[76],"be":[78],"obtained.":[79],"On":[80],"other":[82],"hand,":[83],"PAR":[85,161],"cause":[89],"waveform":[92,155,182],"losing":[93],"degree":[95],"freedom":[97],"match":[99],"arbitrary":[100],"pattern":[101,106],"shape,":[102],"desired":[105],"usually":[107],"lies":[108],"in":[109],"an":[111],"appropriately":[112],"scaled":[113],"version":[114],"shape.":[117],"Thus,":[118],"scaling":[120,131,152,178],"factor":[121,153,179],"into":[124],"tackle":[129,195],"ambiguity":[132],"problem.":[133],"resultant":[135],"optimization":[136],"problems":[137],"are":[138],"difficult":[139],"solve":[141],"due":[142],"higher":[145],"order":[146],"polynomial":[147],"objective":[148],"function":[149,198],"coupled":[151],"matrix,":[156],"also":[158],"nonconvex":[160,207],"constraint.":[162],"To":[163],"develop":[164],"fast":[166],"algorithm,":[169],"by":[170,185,209],"utilizing":[171],"majorization-minimization":[173],"technique,":[174],"we":[175],"decouple":[176],"matrix":[183,201],"variables":[184],"majorization":[187],"step,":[188],"derive":[189],"quadratic":[192,197],"majorizer":[193],"variable,":[202],"surrogate":[204],"nonsmooth":[206],"functions":[208],"convex":[210],"functions.":[211],"Numerical":[212],"examples":[213],"show":[214],"that":[215],"devised":[217],"approach":[218],"synthesize":[220],"lower":[223],"level":[226],"more":[228],"flat":[229],"compared":[231],"existing":[234],"algorithms.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}