{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946722229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2914884","title":"Transmit MIMO Radar Beampattern Design via Optimization on the Complex Circle Manifold","display_name":"Transmit MIMO Radar Beampattern Design via Optimization on the Complex Circle Manifold","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946722229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2914884","mag":"2946722229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2019.2914884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2914884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.07329","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042694290","display_name":"Khaled Alhujaili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Alhujaili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-2486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014013504","display_name":"Vishal Monga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-2263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishal Monga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-2263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064635322","display_name":"Muralidhar Rangaswamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-7637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muralidhar Rangaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["RF Exploitation Branch, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RF Exploitation Branch, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":118.7908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":167,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99920026,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"13","first_page":"3561","last_page":"3575"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5187778472900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4986095428466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46912431716918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.46774107217788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4160478413105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4129994213581085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3557910919189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.3460577130317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13378584384918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08407047390937805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5187778472900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4986095428466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46912431716918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.46774107217788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4160478413105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4129994213581085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3557910919189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.3460577130317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13378584384918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08407047390937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2019.2914884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2019.2914884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.07329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.07329","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.07329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.07329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.07329","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.07329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1318097668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2311IN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5910606242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-15-1-0438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W1484412996","https://openalex.org/W1543362394","https://openalex.org/W1578336695","https://openalex.org/W1602049633","https://openalex.org/W1804110266","https://openalex.org/W1967790992","https://openalex.org/W1972651476","https://openalex.org/W1983647929","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W1996961940","https://openalex.org/W2000317822","https://openalex.org/W2033550848","https://openalex.org/W2041463139","https://openalex.org/W2050968963","https://openalex.org/W2059210598","https://openalex.org/W2063869361","https://openalex.org/W2086953401","https://openalex.org/W2101381994","https://openalex.org/W2101815503","https://openalex.org/W2104600236","https://openalex.org/W2106173883","https://openalex.org/W2108625419","https://openalex.org/W2109012875","https://openalex.org/W2126347179","https://openalex.org/W2129640939","https://openalex.org/W2135915867","https://openalex.org/W2147191758","https://openalex.org/W2148744371","https://openalex.org/W2155951048","https://openalex.org/W2161367205","https://openalex.org/W2171576754","https://openalex.org/W2273059432","https://openalex.org/W2290412153","https://openalex.org/W2324740189","https://openalex.org/W2324761749","https://openalex.org/W2341965302","https://openalex.org/W2494798456","https://openalex.org/W2499499383","https://openalex.org/W2537671276","https://openalex.org/W2542663607","https://openalex.org/W2586410079","https://openalex.org/W2606591942","https://openalex.org/W2639082558","https://openalex.org/W2708665101","https://openalex.org/W2772284530","https://openalex.org/W2780206593","https://openalex.org/W2885627765","https://openalex.org/W2891388456","https://openalex.org/W2949389659","https://openalex.org/W2962834015","https://openalex.org/W3101732789","https://openalex.org/W4205293427","https://openalex.org/W4212843572","https://openalex.org/W4244753254","https://openalex.org/W4245345046","https://openalex.org/W6628955290","https://openalex.org/W6704670567","https://openalex.org/W6729306968","https://openalex.org/W6753293946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W3124036039","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2727286692","https://openalex.org/W2724724053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45],"ability":[1],"of":[2,42,47,57,65,68,82,153,161],"multiple-input":[3],"multiple-output":[4],"(MIMO)":[5],"radar":[6],"systems":[7],"to":[8,28,163,211,221],"adapt":[9],"waveforms":[10],"across":[11,198],"antennas":[12,199],"allows":[13,121],"flexibility":[14],"in":[15,54,202],"the":[16,30,43,48,55,61,66,72,80,102,131,144,169,203,212],"transmit":[17,49,62],"beampattern":[18,35,50,147,177,188,213],"design.":[19],"In":[20,86],"cognitive":[21],"radar,":[22],"a":[23,87,95,111,164,208],"popular":[24],"cost":[25,124,140,155,214],"function":[26,125,156],"is":[27,37,71,143,200,225],"minimize":[29],"deviation":[31],"against":[32,173],"an":[33],"idealized":[34],"(which":[36],"arrived":[38],"at":[39],"with":[40,146,159],"knowledge":[41],"environment).":[44],"optimization":[46,100],"becomes":[51],"particularly":[52],"challenging":[53],"presence":[56],"practical":[58],"constraints":[59,70],"on":[60],"waveform.":[63],"One":[64],"hardest":[67],"such":[69],"non-convex":[73,103],"constant":[74],"modulus":[75,136],"constraint,":[76],"which":[77],"has":[78],"been":[79],"subject":[81],"much":[83],"recent":[84],"work.":[85],"departure":[88],"from":[89],"most":[90],"existing":[91],"approaches,":[92],"we":[93,109,149],"develop":[94],"solution":[96],"that":[97,120,182],"involves":[98],"direct":[99],"over":[101,130],"complex":[104,132],"circle":[105,133],"manifold.":[106],"That":[107],"is,":[108],"derive":[110],"new":[112],"projection,":[113],"descent,":[114],"and":[115,180],"retraction":[116],"(PDR)":[117],"update":[118],"strategy":[119],"for":[122],"monotonic":[123,154],"improvement":[126,157],"while":[127,191],"maintaining":[128],"feasibility":[129],"manifold":[134],"(constant":[135],"set).":[137],"For":[138],"quadratic":[139],"functions":[141],"(as":[142],"case":[145],"deviation),":[148],"provide":[150],"analytical":[151],"guarantees":[152],"along":[158],"proof":[160],"convergence":[162],"local":[165],"minima.":[166],"We":[167],"evaluate":[168],"proposed":[170],"PDR":[171,183,204],"algorithm":[172],"other":[174],"candidate":[175],"MIMO":[176],"design":[178,189],"methods":[179,190],"show":[181],"can":[184],"outperform":[185],"competing":[186],"wideband":[187],"being":[192],"computationally":[193],"less":[194],"expensive.":[195],"Finally,":[196],"orthogonality":[197],"incorporated":[201],"framework":[205],"by":[206,217],"adding":[207],"penalty":[209],"term":[210],"function.":[215],"Enabled":[216],"orthogonal":[218],"waveforms,":[219],"robustness":[220],"target":[222],"direction":[223],"mismatch":[224],"also":[226],"demonstrated.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2019-05-29T00:00:00"}