{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2742341851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2821641","title":"L1-Norm Principal-Component Analysis of Complex Data","display_name":"L1-Norm Principal-Component Analysis of Complex Data","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2742341851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2821641","mag":"2742341851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2018.2821641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2821641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.01249","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113691658","display_name":"Nicholas Tsagkarakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Tsagkarakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9759-0048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010876698","display_name":"Panos P. Markopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-779X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panos P. Markopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-779X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Microelectronic Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081354360","display_name":"George Sklivanitis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Sklivanitis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9384-8622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052953883","display_name":"Dimitris A. Pados","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-6450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris A. Pados","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-6450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6132,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97452676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"12","first_page":"3256","last_page":"3267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7801837921142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5070061683654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.48648661375045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3759371042251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28006285429000854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7801837921142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5070061683654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48648661375045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3759371042251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28006285429000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2018.2821641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2821641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1708.01249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.01249","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.01249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1708.01249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.01249","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.01249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101586694","https://openalex.org/W147992333","https://openalex.org/W157467362","https://openalex.org/W1487444668","https://openalex.org/W1513013675","https://openalex.org/W1539726260","https://openalex.org/W1805437005","https://openalex.org/W1965483614","https://openalex.org/W1967790992","https://openalex.org/W1970916490","https://openalex.org/W1972494537","https://openalex.org/W1992633833","https://openalex.org/W1998925295","https://openalex.org/W2004026774","https://openalex.org/W2018341990","https://openalex.org/W2053090063","https://openalex.org/W2053300860","https://openalex.org/W2054763080","https://openalex.org/W2057069782","https://openalex.org/W2068722138","https://openalex.org/W2088307891","https://openalex.org/W2088999607","https://openalex.org/W2092069835","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2154249783","https://openalex.org/W2155646418","https://openalex.org/W2165395308","https://openalex.org/W2171387626","https://openalex.org/W2277192409","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2345879355","https://openalex.org/W2346974434","https://openalex.org/W2519962638","https://openalex.org/W2529352582","https://openalex.org/W2566186608","https://openalex.org/W2584269038","https://openalex.org/W2584383133","https://openalex.org/W2611529120","https://openalex.org/W2611695496","https://openalex.org/W2625898145","https://openalex.org/W3103526270","https://openalex.org/W3114558399","https://openalex.org/W4301621763","https://openalex.org/W6604143408","https://openalex.org/W6605914596","https://openalex.org/W6606451633","https://openalex.org/W6682630426","https://openalex.org/W6684295950","https://openalex.org/W6704880896","https://openalex.org/W6704953457","https://openalex.org/W6737414295","https://openalex.org/W6737658887","https://openalex.org/W6787484131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W1975632186","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"L1-norm":[0],"Principal-Component":[1],"Analysis":[2],"(L1-PCA)":[3],"of":[4,17,43,45,112],"real-valued":[5,58],"data":[6,19,47],"has":[7],"attracted":[8],"significant":[9],"research":[10],"interest":[11],"over":[12],"the":[13,25,57,90,96,109,119],"past":[14],"decade.":[15],"L1-PCA":[16,44,75,82,114],"complex-valued":[18,46],"remains":[20],"to":[21,56],"date":[22],"unexplored":[23],"despite":[24],"many":[26],"possible":[27],"applications":[28],"(in":[29],"communication":[30],"systems,":[31],"for":[32,60,98],"example).":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35,106],"paper,":[36],"we":[37,50,88],"establish":[38],"theoretical":[39],"and":[40,72],"algorithmic":[41],"foundations":[42],"matrices.":[48],"Specifically,":[49],"first":[51,91],"show":[52],"that,":[53],"in":[54,95,105,118],"contrast":[55],"case":[59],"which":[61],"an":[62],"optimal":[63],"polynomial-cost":[64],"algorithm":[65],"was":[66],"recently":[67],"reported":[68],"by":[69],"Markopoulos,":[70],"Karystinos,":[71],"Pados,":[73],"complex":[74,81,113],"is":[76],"formally":[77],"NP-hard.":[78],"Then,":[79],"casting":[80],"as":[83],"a":[84],"unimodular":[85],"optimization":[86],"problem,":[87],"present":[89],"two":[92],"suboptimal":[93],"algorithms":[94],"literature":[97],"its":[99],"solution.":[100],"Extensive":[101],"experimental":[102],"studies":[103],"included":[104],"paper":[107],"illustrate":[108],"sturdy":[110],"resistance":[111],"against":[115],"faulty":[116],"measurements/outliers":[117],"processed":[120],"data.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}