{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793438435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2799167","title":"Navigation With Cellular CDMA Signals\u2014Part I: Signal Modeling and Software-Defined Receiver Design","display_name":"Navigation With Cellular CDMA Signals\u2014Part I: Signal Modeling and Software-Defined Receiver Design","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793438435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2799167","mag":"2793438435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2018.2799167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2799167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt1h56r0nq/qt1h56r0nq.pdf?t=pt33au","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042526779","display_name":"Joe Khalife","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-256X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Khalife","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3519-256X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046573030","display_name":"Kimia Shamaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-7837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimia Shamaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-7837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051240427","display_name":"Zaher M. Kassas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4388-6142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaher M. Kassas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6665,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93515558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"8","first_page":"2191","last_page":"2203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.9113600850105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.767331600189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.678988516330719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.5034956336021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4907037019729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.47496840357780457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4480835497379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.44569894671440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.43533623218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.41430792212486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32658952474594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2640606164932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20542538166046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.20066919922828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15874093770980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.10372403264045715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.09062445163726807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.9113600850105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.767331600189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.678988516330719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.5034956336021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4907037019729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.47496840357780457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4480835497379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.44569894671440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.43533623218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.41430792212486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32658952474594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2640606164932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20542538166046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.20066919922828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15874093770980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.10372403264045715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.09062445163726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2018.2799167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2799167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt1h56r0nq","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h56r0nq","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt1h56r0nq/qt1h56r0nq.pdf?t=pt33au","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol 66, iss 8","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt1h56r0nq","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h56r0nq","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt1h56r0nq/qt1h56r0nq.pdf?t=pt33au","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol 66, iss 8","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5276072512","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-16-1-2305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332550","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2793438435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2793438435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178056938","https://openalex.org/W1530328697","https://openalex.org/W1533766465","https://openalex.org/W1650566755","https://openalex.org/W1965324089","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W1985643633","https://openalex.org/W1986059932","https://openalex.org/W1995693263","https://openalex.org/W1999699262","https://openalex.org/W2019717000","https://openalex.org/W2022583467","https://openalex.org/W2029015673","https://openalex.org/W2038166203","https://openalex.org/W2066339986","https://openalex.org/W2076080066","https://openalex.org/W2085829517","https://openalex.org/W2094875868","https://openalex.org/W2097868227","https://openalex.org/W2102041952","https://openalex.org/W2117004792","https://openalex.org/W2125921035","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2132820211","https://openalex.org/W2138246115","https://openalex.org/W2141225005","https://openalex.org/W2143729023","https://openalex.org/W2145894404","https://openalex.org/W2147408679","https://openalex.org/W2158267820","https://openalex.org/W2158919537","https://openalex.org/W2161332934","https://openalex.org/W2167996710","https://openalex.org/W2169690535","https://openalex.org/W2169724204","https://openalex.org/W2169967930","https://openalex.org/W2183929363","https://openalex.org/W2184895947","https://openalex.org/W2322121200","https://openalex.org/W2411489828","https://openalex.org/W2534346075","https://openalex.org/W2600921989","https://openalex.org/W2603202506","https://openalex.org/W2605270525","https://openalex.org/W2620559678","https://openalex.org/W2735191216","https://openalex.org/W2770225726","https://openalex.org/W2787356692","https://openalex.org/W3022908749","https://openalex.org/W4239376233","https://openalex.org/W6631699273","https://openalex.org/W6681023715","https://openalex.org/W6683807147","https://openalex.org/W6685889044","https://openalex.org/W6686580698","https://openalex.org/W6735735540","https://openalex.org/W6735965187","https://openalex.org/W6738783490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352106811","https://openalex.org/W185487634","https://openalex.org/W3211349153","https://openalex.org/W3197945871","https://openalex.org/W4401705762","https://openalex.org/W4206403064","https://openalex.org/W2357594960","https://openalex.org/W2369758974","https://openalex.org/W1799839793","https://openalex.org/W2249513840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"software-defined":[1],"receiver":[2,57,102],"(SDR)":[3],"for":[4,25,47,153],"navigation":[5],"using":[6],"cellular":[7,16,105,155],"code-division":[8],"multiple":[9],"access":[10],"(CDMA)":[11],"signals":[12,30],"is":[13,21,35,58,64,130,141],"presented.":[14],"The":[15,52,135],"forward":[17],"link":[18],"signal":[19],"structure":[20],"described,":[22],"and":[23,28,44,49,60,76,94,103,132,152],"models":[24],"the":[26,55,61,80,90,95,101,112,115,118,126,138],"transmitted":[27],"received":[29],"are":[31,83],"developed.":[32],"Particular":[33],"attention":[34],"paid":[36],"to":[37],"relevant":[38],"information":[39],"that":[40],"could":[41],"be":[42],"extracted":[43],"subsequently":[45],"exploited":[46],"positioning":[48],"timing":[50],"purposes.":[51],"pseudorange":[53,62],"from":[54],"proposed":[56,81],"modeled":[59,131],"error":[63],"studied":[65],"in":[66,92,97,146],"an":[67],"additive":[68],"white":[69],"Gaussian":[70],"channel.":[71],"Experimental":[72],"results":[73],"with":[74],"aerial":[75],"ground":[77],"vehicles":[78],"utilizing":[79],"SDR":[82],"presented":[84],"demonstrating":[85],"a":[86],"close":[87],"match":[88],"between":[89,100,117],"variation":[91,96],"pseudoranges":[93],"true":[98],"ranges":[99],"two":[104],"CDMA":[106],"base":[107],"transceiver":[108],"stations":[109],"(BTSs).":[110],"Moreover,":[111],"dynamics":[113],"of":[114,122,125,137],"discrepancy":[116],"observed":[119],"clock":[120],"biases":[121],"different":[123,147,150,154],"sectors":[124],"same":[127],"BTS":[128],"cell":[129],"validated":[133],"experimentally.":[134],"consistency":[136],"obtained":[139],"model":[140],"analyzed":[142],"through":[143],"experimental":[144],"tests":[145],"locations,":[148],"at":[149],"times,":[151],"providers.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}