{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2315814222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2016.2550016","title":"Sparse Codes Auto-Extractor for Classification: A Joint Embedding and Dictionary Learning Framework for Representation","display_name":"Sparse Codes Auto-Extractor for Classification: A Joint Embedding and Dictionary Learning Framework for Representation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2315814222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2016.2550016","mag":"2315814222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2016.2550016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2016.2550016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423029","display_name":"Zhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-7969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology & Joint International Research Laboratory of Machine Learning and Neuromorphic Computing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-7969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology & Joint International Research Laboratory of Machine Learning and Neuromorphic Computing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013713640","display_name":"Fanzhang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-3081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanzhang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology & Joint International Research Laboratory of Machine Learning and Neuromorphic Computing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology & Joint International Research Laboratory of Machine Learning and Neuromorphic Computing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050716572","display_name":"Tommy W. S. Chow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommy W. S. Chow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425448","display_name":"Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7914-0679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology & Joint International Research Laboratory of Machine Learning and Neuromorphic Computing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology & Joint International Research Laboratory of Machine Learning and Neuromorphic Computing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381753","display_name":"Shuicheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-3777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuicheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.0563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99594843,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"14","first_page":"3790","last_page":"3805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.758101224899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.7383375763893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-svd","display_name":"K-SVD","score":0.7137159705162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6737998127937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6552735567092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6150794625282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6079580187797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5612692832946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching-pursuit","display_name":"Matching pursuit","score":0.437882661819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractor","display_name":"Extractor","score":0.4371037185192108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.40397000312805176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.758101224899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.7383375763893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154771677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098361","display_name":"K-SVD","level":3,"score":0.7137159705162048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6737998127937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6552735567092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6150794625282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6079580187797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5612692832946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156872377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786281","display_name":"Matching pursuit","level":3,"score":0.437882661819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.4371037185192108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.40397000312805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2016.2550016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2016.2550016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1292741574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20140008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G165996091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15KJA520002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2038856430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61402310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2125975738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015M580462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G379578387","display_name":"\u6d4b\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61373093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4572181009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20141195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6438807868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1501091B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335473","funder_display_name":"Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335473","display_name":"Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33214042","https://openalex.org/W830076066","https://openalex.org/W1480487340","https://openalex.org/W1539012881","https://openalex.org/W1567856076","https://openalex.org/W1652450286","https://openalex.org/W1652984552","https://openalex.org/W1904464160","https://openalex.org/W1963932623","https://openalex.org/W1966297316","https://openalex.org/W1969198379","https://openalex.org/W1972715665","https://openalex.org/W1982025775","https://openalex.org/W1982405594","https://openalex.org/W1997201895","https://openalex.org/W2001289057","https://openalex.org/W2002670936","https://openalex.org/W2005490094","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2010379776","https://openalex.org/W2011972965","https://openalex.org/W2019972236","https://openalex.org/W2027805700","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2030754587","https://openalex.org/W2037549374","https://openalex.org/W2045079989","https://openalex.org/W2050834445","https://openalex.org/W2052575990","https://openalex.org/W2068992789","https://openalex.org/W2070127246","https://openalex.org/W2082855665","https://openalex.org/W2084716923","https://openalex.org/W2089939542","https://openalex.org/W2090042335","https://openalex.org/W2093922090","https://openalex.org/W2097018403","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2107109500","https://openalex.org/W2112074816","https://openalex.org/W2117553576","https://openalex.org/W2118103795","https://openalex.org/W2122518098","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2128638419","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2130951397","https://openalex.org/W2132425109","https://openalex.org/W2132467081","https://openalex.org/W2135496738","https://openalex.org/W2140245639","https://openalex.org/W2142848040","https://openalex.org/W2146047955","https://openalex.org/W2153663612","https://openalex.org/W2157785665","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2164647001","https://openalex.org/W2166049352","https://openalex.org/W2166371785","https://openalex.org/W2276512949","https://openalex.org/W2953139536","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W4232730838","https://openalex.org/W6601318844","https://openalex.org/W6637149505","https://openalex.org/W6674642818","https://openalex.org/W6676065935","https://openalex.org/W6677645113","https://openalex.org/W6678757208","https://openalex.org/W6681521150","https://openalex.org/W6684213969","https://openalex.org/W7074671674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011611369","https://openalex.org/W4245251483","https://openalex.org/W4254934694","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2016265625","https://openalex.org/W2113038107","https://openalex.org/W2965458591","https://openalex.org/W2111634407","https://openalex.org/W2552089492","https://openalex.org/W4205656132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,80],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,111],"discuss":[4],"the":[5,36,83,86,90,96,100,104,116,121,164],"sparse":[6,26,37,57,68,77,93,108,124,140,153,161],"codes":[7,27,58,78,141],"auto-extractor":[8,28,47],"based":[9,74,155],"classification.":[10],"A":[11],"joint":[12],"label":[13,113],"consistent":[14],"embedding":[15],"and":[16,29,43,95,142],"dictionary":[17,117,166],"learning":[18,60,118],"approach":[19],"is":[20,48,72,148],"proposed":[21],"for":[22,66,127,167],"delivering":[23],"a":[24,30,51],"linear":[25],"multi-class":[31],"classifier":[32,71,87],"by":[33,59,175],"simultaneously":[34],"minimizing":[35],"reconstruction,":[38],"discriminative":[39],"sparse-code,":[40],"code":[41],"approximation":[42],"classification":[44],"errors.":[45],"The":[46,70],"characterized":[49],"with":[50,56,163,179],"projection":[52],"that":[53,157],"bridges":[54],"signals":[55,65,138],"special":[61],"features":[62],"from":[63,136,151],"input":[64,107],"characterizing":[67],"codes.":[69,125],"trained":[73,165],"on":[75,89,103],"extracted":[76],"directly.":[79],"our":[81,130,176],"setting,":[82],"performance":[84],"of":[85,92,99,106,123],"depends":[88,102],"discriminability":[91,105,122],"codes,":[94,109],"representation":[97],"power":[98],"extractor":[101],"so":[110],"incorporate":[112],"information":[114],"into":[115],"to":[119,139,144],"enhance":[120],"So,":[126],"inductive":[128],"classification,":[129],"model":[131,177],"forms":[132],"an":[133,159],"integration":[134],"process":[135],"test":[137,169],"finally":[143],"assigned":[145],"labels,":[146],"which":[147],"essentially":[149],"different":[150],"existing":[152],"coding":[154],"approaches":[156],"involve":[158],"extra":[160],"reconstruction":[162],"each":[168],"signal.":[170],"Remarkable":[171],"results":[172],"are":[173],"obtained":[174],"compared":[178],"other":[180],"state-of-the-arts.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}