{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2248065114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2015.2488584","title":"Joint Delay and Doppler Estimation for Passive Sensing With Direct-Path Interference","display_name":"Joint Delay and Doppler Estimation for Passive Sensing With Direct-Path Interference","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2248065114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2015.2488584","mag":"2248065114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2015.2488584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2015.2488584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101522560","display_name":"Xin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365817","display_name":"Hongbin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1453-847X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014627828","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-3182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108468826","display_name":"Stevens Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z43xh36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","Xidian University, National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108468826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xidian University, National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012490058","display_name":"Braham Himed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-6270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Braham Himed","raw_affiliation_strings":["AFRL/RYMD, RF Technology Branch, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AFRL/RYMD, RF Technology Branch, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":196.4238,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9994857,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3","first_page":"630","last_page":"640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7162060141563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5701128244400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5250470638275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.5003762245178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.4447484612464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.442434161901474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4398016333580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4145009517669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.37457889318466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34284114837646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33683788776397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23586434125900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17326483130455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14187932014465332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7162060141563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5701128244400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5250470638275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.5003762245178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4447484612464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.442434161901474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4398016333580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4145009517669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.37457889318466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34284114837646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33683788776397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23586434125900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17326483130455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14187932014465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2015.2488584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2015.2488584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123426918","https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W391578156","https://openalex.org/W1558447900","https://openalex.org/W1836036400","https://openalex.org/W1903432761","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W2002295160","https://openalex.org/W2019086024","https://openalex.org/W2037243761","https://openalex.org/W2037389509","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2058214070","https://openalex.org/W2069319338","https://openalex.org/W2072156755","https://openalex.org/W2072903707","https://openalex.org/W2074938925","https://openalex.org/W2078627534","https://openalex.org/W2078785526","https://openalex.org/W2101996248","https://openalex.org/W2106033317","https://openalex.org/W2109363365","https://openalex.org/W2120198865","https://openalex.org/W2120391138","https://openalex.org/W2123864323","https://openalex.org/W2126261784","https://openalex.org/W2135631451","https://openalex.org/W2136617733","https://openalex.org/W2148840132","https://openalex.org/W2154660113","https://openalex.org/W2155154415","https://openalex.org/W2163388956","https://openalex.org/W2478884216","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164801693","https://openalex.org/W2120266201","https://openalex.org/W2389491004","https://openalex.org/W2384282517","https://openalex.org/W2585557503","https://openalex.org/W2169354510","https://openalex.org/W2378772344","https://openalex.org/W4389474210","https://openalex.org/W1967296369","https://openalex.org/W4299934179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,48,82,109],"consider":[1,49],"the":[2,33,55,62,66,89,102,134,140,145,154,157,161],"problem":[3],"of":[4,8,21,61,133,156],"joint":[5],"delay-Doppler":[6],"estimation":[7,146],"a":[9,13,18,27,37,41,50,58,72,84,96,118,125],"moving":[10],"target":[11,25,46],"in":[12],"passive":[14],"radar":[15],"that":[16,75,123],"employs":[17],"non-cooperative":[19],"illuminator":[20],"opportunity":[22],"(IO)":[23],"for":[24,45,144],"illumination,":[26],"reference":[28,38],"channel":[29,43],"(RC)":[30],"steered":[31],"to":[32,35,95,152],"IO":[34,63],"obtain":[36],"signal,":[39],"and":[40,65,104,160],"surveillance":[42],"(SC)":[44],"monitoring.":[47],"practically":[51],"motivated":[52],"scenario,":[53],"where":[54],"RC":[56],"receives":[57],"noise-contaminated":[59],"copy":[60],"signal":[64],"SC":[67],"observation":[68],"is":[69,76,124],"polluted":[70],"by":[71,79,99],"direct-path":[73],"interference":[74],"usually":[77],"neglected":[78],"prior":[80],"studies.":[81],"develop":[83],"data":[85],"model":[86],"without":[87],"discretizing":[88],"parameter":[90],"space,":[91],"which":[92],"may":[93],"lead":[94],"straddle":[97],"loss,":[98],"treating":[100],"both":[101],"delay":[103],"Doppler":[105],"as":[106,115,117],"continuous":[107],"parameters.":[108],"propose":[110],"an":[111,131],"expectation-maximization":[112],"based":[113],"estimator,":[114],"well":[116],"modified":[119],"cross-correlation":[120],"(MCC)":[121],"estimator":[122],"computationally":[126],"simpler":[127],"solution":[128],"resulting":[129],"from":[130],"approximation":[132],"former.":[135],"In":[136],"addition,":[137],"we":[138],"derive":[139],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[141],"lower":[142],"bound":[143],"problem.":[147],"Simulation":[148],"results":[149],"are":[150],"presented":[151],"illustrate":[153],"performance":[155],"proposed":[158],"estimators":[159],"widely":[162],"used":[163],"CC":[164],"estimator.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}