{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073445499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2013.2278154","title":"Unified Optimization Framework for Multi-Static Radar Code Design Using Information-Theoretic Criteria","display_name":"Unified Optimization Framework for Multi-Static Radar Code Design Using Information-Theoretic Criteria","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073445499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2013.2278154","mag":"2073445499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2013.2278154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2013.2278154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085166839","display_name":"Mohammad Mahdi Naghsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5399-2504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170013655","display_name":"Isfahan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00af3sa43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mahdi Naghsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083836126","display_name":"Mahmoud Modarres-Hashemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-8915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170013655","display_name":"Isfahan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00af3sa43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Modarres-Hashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Isfahan Univ. of Technol., Isfahan, Iran#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049043069","display_name":"Shahram Shahbazpanahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-5481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"University of Ontario Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahram ShahbazPanahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ONT, Canada","Inst. of Technol., Univ. of Ontario, Oshawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Technol., Univ. of Ontario, Oshawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053865178","display_name":"Mojtaba Soltanalian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-4449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Soltanalian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","Department of Information Technology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007877889","display_name":"Petre Stoica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-3711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petre Stoica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","Department of Information Technology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085166839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.4587,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99711523,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"21","first_page":"5401","last_page":"5416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.6596860885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.6585890650749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6225780844688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5351778864860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49413493275642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"Information theory","score":0.4826393723487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4737872779369354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4705524742603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.4689485728740692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.44851094484329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4426576793193817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28637033700942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1684960126876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1005861759185791}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.6596860885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.6585890650749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6225780844688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5351778864860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49413493275642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.4826393723487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4737872779369354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4705524742603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4689485728740692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44851094484329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4426576793193817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28637033700942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1684960126876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1005861759185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2013.2278154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2013.2278154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W272857232","https://openalex.org/W1502263157","https://openalex.org/W1571075643","https://openalex.org/W1966869727","https://openalex.org/W1992895585","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2001646739","https://openalex.org/W2003066841","https://openalex.org/W2005102197","https://openalex.org/W2012563130","https://openalex.org/W2020722286","https://openalex.org/W2030681923","https://openalex.org/W2033264312","https://openalex.org/W2040216283","https://openalex.org/W2043488410","https://openalex.org/W2043969785","https://openalex.org/W2051087860","https://openalex.org/W2054877413","https://openalex.org/W2063146632","https://openalex.org/W2071652847","https://openalex.org/W2077811569","https://openalex.org/W2102699036","https://openalex.org/W2111616148","https://openalex.org/W2111937449","https://openalex.org/W2115948820","https://openalex.org/W2116564903","https://openalex.org/W2123378642","https://openalex.org/W2125399902","https://openalex.org/W2125883072","https://openalex.org/W2127833823","https://openalex.org/W2132702454","https://openalex.org/W2134479433","https://openalex.org/W2135997380","https://openalex.org/W2137632745","https://openalex.org/W2137792662","https://openalex.org/W2138478006","https://openalex.org/W2142067208","https://openalex.org/W2148623882","https://openalex.org/W2149197198","https://openalex.org/W2149414429","https://openalex.org/W2149628166","https://openalex.org/W2155951048","https://openalex.org/W2156576615","https://openalex.org/W2162325942","https://openalex.org/W2164373367","https://openalex.org/W2167989066","https://openalex.org/W2170366951","https://openalex.org/W2478708596","https://openalex.org/W2480575800","https://openalex.org/W2778716599","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4298275894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3124771927","https://openalex.org/W4225940264","https://openalex.org/W2750125254","https://openalex.org/W2057609120","https://openalex.org/W2889544313","https://openalex.org/W2111510771","https://openalex.org/W986037092","https://openalex.org/W2392704982","https://openalex.org/W4313429060","https://openalex.org/W2151804025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,28],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,30,72],"study":[4],"the":[5,12,19,37,42,46,53,119,123,135,152,159,177,184,188,191],"problem":[6,38],"of":[7,15,21,36,48,55,139,151,176,183,190],"code":[8,63,93,160],"design":[9,64,90,161],"to":[10,52,117,157],"improve":[11],"detection":[13],"performance":[14],"multi-static":[16],"radar":[17],"in":[18,45,122],"presence":[20,47],"clutter":[22],"(i.e.,":[23],"a":[24,33,106,140,143,146,164,173],"signal-dependent":[25],"interference).":[26],"To":[27],"end,":[29],"briefly":[31],"present":[32],"discrete-time":[34],"formulation":[35],"as":[39,41,89],"well":[40],"optimal":[43,129],"detector":[44],"Gaussian":[49],"clutter.":[50],"Due":[51],"lack":[54],"analytical":[56],"expression":[57],"for":[58],"receiver":[59],"operation":[60],"characteristic":[61],"(ROC),":[62],"based":[65,114],"on":[66,115],"ROC":[67],"is":[68,194],"not":[69],"feasible.":[70],"Therefore,":[71],"consider":[73],"several":[74],"popular":[75],"information-theoretic":[76,99,192],"criteria":[77,100,193],"including":[78],"Bhattacharyya":[79],"distance,":[80],"Kullback-Leibler":[81],"(KL)":[82],"divergence,":[83],"J-divergence,":[84],"and":[85,103,145,187],"mutual":[86],"information":[87],"(MI)":[88],"metrics.":[91],"The":[92,125],"optimization":[94,120],"problems":[95,121,162],"associated":[96],"with":[97,163],"different":[98],"are":[101,155],"obtained":[102],"cast":[104],"under":[105],"unified":[107],"framework.":[108,124],"We":[109],"propose":[110],"two":[111],"general":[112,174],"methods":[113,154],"Majorization-Minimization":[116],"tackle":[118,158],"first":[126],"method":[127],"provides":[128],"solutions":[130],"via":[131],"successive":[132],"majorizations":[133],"whereas":[134],"second":[136],"one":[137],"consists":[138],"majorization":[141],"step,":[142],"relaxation,":[144],"synthesis":[147],"stage.":[148],"Moreover,":[149],"derivations":[150],"proposed":[153,185],"extended":[156],"peak-to-average":[165],"ratio":[166],"power":[167],"(PAR)":[168],"constraint.":[169],"Using":[170],"numerical":[171],"investigations,":[172],"analysis":[175],"coded":[178],"system":[179],"performance,":[180],"computational":[181],"efficiency":[182],"methods,":[186],"behavior":[189],"provided.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
