{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122795730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2162329","title":"Two-Way Synchronization for Coordinated Multicell Retrodirective Downlink Beamforming","display_name":"Two-Way Synchronization for Coordinated Multicell Retrodirective Downlink Beamforming","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122795730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2162329","mag":"2122795730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2011.2162329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2162329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058401894","display_name":"R. Preuss","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. D. Preuss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA","Raytheon BBN Technol., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technol., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112827492","display_name":"Donald R. Brown","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. R. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., Worcester Polytech. Inst., Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., Worcester Polytech. Inst., Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058401894"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9743,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94094214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"11","first_page":"5415","last_page":"5427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.9405469298362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.7917267084121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.752967119216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7065051198005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6102883815765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.60526442527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.5591525435447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5127905011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47587719559669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.44157376885414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4415234327316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41711172461509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3991815745830536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3390031158924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.292616605758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2752193212509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22671860456466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20226633548736572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.9405469298362732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7917267084121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.752967119216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7065051198005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6102883815765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.60526442527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.5591525435447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5127905011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47587719559669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44157376885414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4415234327316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41711172461509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3991815745830536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3390031158924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.292616605758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2752193212509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22671860456466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20226633548736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2011.2162329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2162329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155360293","https://openalex.org/W1489710900","https://openalex.org/W1531339130","https://openalex.org/W1585017368","https://openalex.org/W1590772317","https://openalex.org/W1715026339","https://openalex.org/W1991331367","https://openalex.org/W1993846699","https://openalex.org/W2001188690","https://openalex.org/W2001763141","https://openalex.org/W2060868854","https://openalex.org/W2066352209","https://openalex.org/W2093763487","https://openalex.org/W2098745442","https://openalex.org/W2098776483","https://openalex.org/W2106612364","https://openalex.org/W2111079473","https://openalex.org/W2118645926","https://openalex.org/W2118866949","https://openalex.org/W2127407940","https://openalex.org/W2131350052","https://openalex.org/W2139771702","https://openalex.org/W2147486330","https://openalex.org/W2147906061","https://openalex.org/W2149258241","https://openalex.org/W2151896803","https://openalex.org/W2156615693","https://openalex.org/W2163599171","https://openalex.org/W2165735999","https://openalex.org/W2168246236","https://openalex.org/W2277068073","https://openalex.org/W3133603318","https://openalex.org/W3199393863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042521024","https://openalex.org/W2005695042","https://openalex.org/W2134440202","https://openalex.org/W2593270678","https://openalex.org/W2043889002","https://openalex.org/W1991256214","https://openalex.org/W2122795730","https://openalex.org/W3007669596","https://openalex.org/W1761092975","https://openalex.org/W1979941211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coordinated":[0],"multicell":[1,49,139,167,185,203],"downlink":[2,22,50,59,142,169,187,204],"transmission":[3,51,143],"has":[4],"recently":[5],"been":[6],"proposed":[7,135],"as":[8],"a":[9,28,43,78,120,124,166,190],"technique":[10],"that":[11,34,94,111,201],"can":[12,31,207],"enable":[13],"spectrally":[14],"efficient":[15],"communication":[16],"in":[17,27,155,189],"cellular":[18,29],"networks.":[19],"By":[20],"coordinating":[21],"transmissions,":[23],"the":[24,55,58,66,70,105,112,148,152,156,161,182],"base":[25,38,71,113,130,194],"stations":[26,39,72,114],"system":[30,191],"transmit":[32],"such":[33],"signals":[35],"from":[36],"multiple":[37],"arrive":[40],"coherently":[41],"at":[42],"mobile.":[44],"One":[45],"approach":[46,80,92],"to":[47,53,69,118,136],"coordinated":[48,138],"is":[52,93,96,110,134,174],"have":[54],"mobiles":[56],"estimate":[57],"channel":[60,85],"state":[61],"information":[62],"(CSI)":[63],"and":[64,84,160],"feed":[65],"CSI":[67,100],"back":[68],"for":[73,99],"precoding.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"proposes":[77],"different":[79],"based":[81],"on":[82],"retrodirectivity":[83],"reciprocity.":[86],"The":[87,197],"primary":[88],"advantage":[89],"of":[90,123,147,151,165,184],"this":[91,172],"there":[95],"no":[97],"need":[98],"estimation":[101,153],"or":[102],"feedback":[103],"by":[104],"mobiles.":[106],"A":[107,127],"tradeoff,":[108],"however,":[109],"must":[115],"be":[116,208],"synchronized":[117],"within":[119],"small":[121],"fraction":[122],"carrier":[125],"period.":[126],"new":[128],"two-way":[129,157,193],"station":[131,195],"synchronization":[132,158,212],"protocol":[133,159,173],"facilitate":[137],"coherent":[140],"retrodirective":[141,168,186],"techniques.":[144],"An":[145],"analysis":[146],"statistical":[149],"properties":[150],"errors":[154],"resulting":[162],"power":[163],"gain":[164],"beamformer":[170],"using":[171,192],"provided.":[175],"Numerical":[176],"examples":[177],"are":[178],"also":[179],"presented":[180],"characterizing":[181],"performance":[183,206],"beamforming":[188,205],"synchronization.":[196],"numerical":[198],"results":[199],"demonstrate":[200],"near-ideal":[202],"achieved":[209],"with":[210],"low":[211],"overhead.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}