{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111124449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2153197","title":"A Unified Framework for Quadratic Measures of Independence","display_name":"A Unified Framework for Quadratic Measures of Independence","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111124449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2153197","mag":"2111124449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2011.2153197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2153197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071193068","display_name":"Sohan Seth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7464-4752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sohan Seth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110224542","display_name":"Murali Rao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murali Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept. of Math., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Math., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051989657","display_name":"Il Memming Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-7750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Il Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept of Biomed Eng, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Biomed Eng, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019504861","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 C. Pr\u0131\u0301ncipe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-3531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 C. Principe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071193068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93925078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"8","first_page":"3624","last_page":"3635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.7846091389656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.7680089473724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6083838939666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.568179726600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5110534429550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.49400264024734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.4536362290382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.44383466243743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.43855881690979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.43570220470428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.43427783250808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3930343985557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38928350806236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37615084648132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3521110713481903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.24199387431144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13626879453659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.13619068264961243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7846091389656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.7680089473724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6083838939666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.568179726600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5110534429550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.49400264024734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.4536362290382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.44383466243743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.43855881690979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43570220470428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.43427783250808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3930343985557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38928350806236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37615084648132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3521110713481903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.24199387431144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13626879453659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.13619068264961243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2011.2153197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2153197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136892833","https://openalex.org/W565868953","https://openalex.org/W1494770917","https://openalex.org/W1567012231","https://openalex.org/W1588424744","https://openalex.org/W1965021696","https://openalex.org/W2018582985","https://openalex.org/W2070803806","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2101809033","https://openalex.org/W2110841704","https://openalex.org/W2111181349","https://openalex.org/W2124757684","https://openalex.org/W2128448396","https://openalex.org/W2141224535","https://openalex.org/W2145544165","https://openalex.org/W2315512191","https://openalex.org/W3120583902","https://openalex.org/W3122236196","https://openalex.org/W4230367971","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6605558444","https://openalex.org/W6634941687","https://openalex.org/W6681474176","https://openalex.org/W6982801033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252230435","https://openalex.org/W2121429698","https://openalex.org/W2182042810","https://openalex.org/W55679925","https://openalex.org/W3080404860","https://openalex.org/W2046761971","https://openalex.org/W3144722888","https://openalex.org/W2089650474","https://openalex.org/W2364896863","https://openalex.org/W2389189059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,76],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,37,54,69,98],"unified":[4,77],"framework":[5,78,95],"for":[6,144],"several":[7],"available":[8],"measures":[9,73,90],"of":[10,16,24,29,39,71,74,83,91,101,109,118],"independence":[11,102],"by":[12,48,60],"generalizing":[13,49],"the":[14,27,50,81,107,119,141],"concept":[15],"information":[17],"theoretic":[18],"learning":[19],"(ITL).":[20],"The":[21],"key":[22],"component":[23,112],"ITL":[25],"is":[26,65,122],"use":[28],"inner":[30,51],"product":[31,52],"between":[32,41],"two":[33,42],"density":[34],"functions":[35],"as":[36],"measure":[38,100],"similarity":[40],"random":[43],"variables.":[44],"We":[45],"show":[46],"that":[47,123,134],"using":[53],"symmetric":[55],"strictly":[56,85],"positive-definite":[57,86],"kernel":[58],"and":[59,88,103,131],"choosing":[61],"appropriate":[62],"kernels,":[63],"it":[64,105,124,135],"possible":[66],"to":[67,140],"reproduce":[68],"number":[70],"popular":[72],"independence.":[75,92],"also":[79],"allows":[80],"design":[82],"new":[84,99],"kernels":[87],"corresponding":[89],"Following":[93],"this":[94],"we":[96,132],"explore":[97],"apply":[104],"in":[106],"context":[108],"linear":[110],"independent":[111],"analysis":[113],"(ICA).":[114],"An":[115],"attractive":[116],"property":[117],"proposed":[120],"method":[121],"does":[125],"not":[126],"involve":[127],"any":[128],"free":[129],"parameter":[130],"demonstrate":[133],"performs":[136],"equally":[137],"well":[138],"compared":[139],"existing":[142],"methods":[143],"ICA.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}