{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161708344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2141660","title":"Robust Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks Through Noise Density Estimation","display_name":"Robust Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks Through Noise Density Estimation","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161708344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2141660","mag":"2161708344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2011.2141660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2141660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067194294","display_name":"Jang-Sub Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jang-Sub Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECEN Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECEN Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111946301","display_name":"Jaehan Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECEN Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECEN Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034213361","display_name":"Erchin Serpedin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-770X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erchin Serpedin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECEN Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECEN Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009224411","display_name":"Khalid Qaraqe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Qaraqe","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECEN Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECEN Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067194294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9347297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"7","first_page":"3035","last_page":"3047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5756741762161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5640422105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5571780800819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.5183559656143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4822543263435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.481986939907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.44325631856918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4001725912094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11545026302337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11170065402984619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5756741762161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5640422105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5571780800819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.5183559656143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4822543263435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.481986939907074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.44325631856918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4001725912094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11545026302337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11170065402984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2011.2141660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2141660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483307070","https://openalex.org/W1500551892","https://openalex.org/W1967446311","https://openalex.org/W1973412006","https://openalex.org/W1978925325","https://openalex.org/W2018093989","https://openalex.org/W2033178790","https://openalex.org/W2042018303","https://openalex.org/W2055791254","https://openalex.org/W2086410003","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2096716342","https://openalex.org/W2098888469","https://openalex.org/W2099867508","https://openalex.org/W2101764391","https://openalex.org/W2104130465","https://openalex.org/W2105666891","https://openalex.org/W2121255383","https://openalex.org/W2122444778","https://openalex.org/W2122759946","https://openalex.org/W2123838014","https://openalex.org/W2124369546","https://openalex.org/W2137814624","https://openalex.org/W2142870520","https://openalex.org/W2143229717","https://openalex.org/W2146321253","https://openalex.org/W2151896409","https://openalex.org/W2153875642","https://openalex.org/W2154904517","https://openalex.org/W2161406034","https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W2170715240","https://openalex.org/W2170971335","https://openalex.org/W2171665783","https://openalex.org/W2283715726","https://openalex.org/W2293807537","https://openalex.org/W4300906944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187730212","https://openalex.org/W4312714696","https://openalex.org/W1986532039","https://openalex.org/W2540672406","https://openalex.org/W2587929255","https://openalex.org/W358539878","https://openalex.org/W2364948717","https://openalex.org/W2130974576","https://openalex.org/W2356054222","https://openalex.org/W3183483298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assuming":[0],"that":[1,76,179],"the":[2,9,19,25,34,38,49,57,67,102,112,131,148,165,216],"network":[3,10,50,70,81,135],"delays":[4,51],"are":[5,12,77,171],"normally":[6],"distributed":[7],"and":[8,24,56,61,164,184,212],"nodes":[11],"subject":[13],"to":[14,66,79,126,146,187,214],"clock":[15,39,73,98,207],"phase":[16,208],"offset":[17],"errors,":[18],"maximum":[20],"likelihood":[21],"estimator":[22],"(MLE)":[23],"Kalman":[26,106,115],"filter":[27,108,117],"(KF)":[28],"have":[29],"been":[30],"recently":[31],"proposed":[32],"with":[33,119],"goal":[35],"of":[36,59,69,133,150,169,218],"maximizing":[37],"synchronization":[40,74,99],"accuracy":[41],"in":[42,130,196],"wireless":[43],"sensor":[44],"networks":[45],"(WSNs).":[46],"However,":[47],"because":[48],"may":[52],"assume":[53],"any":[54],"distribution":[55,68],"performance":[58,129,183],"MLE":[60],"KF":[62],"is":[63,141,177,210],"quite":[64],"sensitive":[65],"delays,":[71],"designing":[72],"algorithms":[75],"robust":[78,128],"arbitrary":[80],"delay":[82,136],"distributions":[83],"appears":[84],"as":[85,143],"an":[86,120,193],"important":[87,194],"problem.":[88],"Adopting":[89],"a":[90,96,144],"Bayesian":[91],"framework,":[92],"this":[93],"paper":[94],"proposes":[95],"novel":[97],"algorithm,":[100],"called":[101],"Iterative":[103],"Gaussian":[104,113],"mixture":[105,114],"particle":[107,116],"(IGMKPF),":[109],"which":[110],"combines":[111],"(GMKPF)":[118],"iterative":[121],"noise":[122,153],"density":[123,154],"estimation":[124],"procedure":[125],"achieve":[127],"presence":[132],"unknown":[134],"distributions.":[137],"The":[138,159,189],"Kullback-Leibler":[139],"divergence":[140],"used":[142],"measure":[145],"assess":[147],"departure":[149],"estimated":[151],"observation":[152],"from":[155],"its":[156],"true":[157],"expression.":[158],"posterior":[160],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[161],"bound":[162],"(PCRB)":[163],"mean-square":[166],"error":[167],"(MSE)":[168],"IGMKPF":[170,180],"evaluated":[172],"via":[173],"computer":[174],"simulations.":[175],"It":[176],"shown":[178,213],"exhibits":[181],"improved":[182],"robustness":[185],"relative":[186],"MLE.":[188],"prior":[190,204],"information":[191,205],"plays":[192],"role":[195],"IGMKPF.":[197,219],"A":[198],"MLE-based":[199],"method":[200],"for":[201,206],"obtaining":[202],"reliable":[203],"offsets":[209],"presented":[211],"ensure":[215],"convergence":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}