{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125967891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2106780","title":"Design of Robust Superdirective Arrays With a Tunable Tradeoff Between Directivity and Frequency-Invariance","display_name":"Design of Robust Superdirective Arrays With a Tunable Tradeoff Between Directivity and Frequency-Invariance","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125967891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2106780","mag":"2125967891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2011.2106780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2106780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076870027","display_name":"Marco Crocco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9334-0482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Crocco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy","Italian Inst. of Technol. (IIT), Genoa, Italy#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Italian Inst. of Technol. (IIT), Genoa, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068817748","display_name":"Andrea Trucco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1189-6191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Trucco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysical and Electronic Engineering (DIBE), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy","Dept. of Biophys. & Electron. Eng. (DIBE), Univ. of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysical and Electronic Engineering (DIBE), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biophys. & Electron. Eng. (DIBE), Univ. of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076870027"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8806,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98536163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"2169","last_page":"2181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6233914494514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.6081384420394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5968382358551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5423293113708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone-array","display_name":"Microphone array","score":0.4972849190235138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4590401351451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.44873011112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.43162140250205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36676937341690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.29732707142829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2689770460128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18463408946990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13894441723823547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.11363184452056885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6233914494514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.6081384420394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5968382358551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5423293113708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778806681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907293","display_name":"Microphone array","level":4,"score":0.4972849190235138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4590401351451874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.44873011112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.43162140250205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36676937341690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.29732707142829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2689770460128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18463408946990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13894441723823547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.11363184452056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2011.2106780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2011.2106780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/299501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11567/299501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96717738","https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1521564387","https://openalex.org/W1544521807","https://openalex.org/W1563032660","https://openalex.org/W1994749532","https://openalex.org/W2015580348","https://openalex.org/W2019062863","https://openalex.org/W2026126889","https://openalex.org/W2035511673","https://openalex.org/W2060108923","https://openalex.org/W2080237525","https://openalex.org/W2102547295","https://openalex.org/W2113911013","https://openalex.org/W2125872840","https://openalex.org/W2139442971","https://openalex.org/W2145219634","https://openalex.org/W2159335421","https://openalex.org/W2503780564","https://openalex.org/W4231611543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896203542","https://openalex.org/W4319068615","https://openalex.org/W4214946933","https://openalex.org/W2066656700","https://openalex.org/W2059122200","https://openalex.org/W2148473678","https://openalex.org/W3004719695","https://openalex.org/W2305431773","https://openalex.org/W2885833775","https://openalex.org/W2205176333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency-invariant":[0],"beam":[1,79,88,131,193,216],"patterns":[2,217],"are":[3,149],"often":[4],"required":[5],"by":[6,75],"systems":[7],"using":[8,27],"an":[9,35,92],"array":[10,43,106],"of":[11,42,71,84,105,112,140,154,208,230],"sensors":[12],"to":[13,33,59,156,227],"process":[14],"broadband":[15,115],"signals.":[16],"If":[17],"the":[18,24,50,82,110,125,152,178,206,209],"spatial":[19],"aperture":[20],"is":[21,31,45,90,135,180,201],"shorter":[22],"than":[23],"involved":[25],"wavelengths,":[26],"a":[28,46,53,61,77,85,102,113,129,138,162,187,192,196],"superdirective":[29,215],"beamforming":[30],"essential":[32],"get":[34],"efficient":[36],"system.":[37],"In":[38,49,185],"this":[39,160],"context,":[40],"robustness":[41],"imperfections":[44],"crucial":[47],"feature.":[48],"literature,":[51],"only":[52],"few":[54],"approaches":[55],"have":[56],"been":[57,167],"proposed":[58,210],"design":[60,111],"robust,":[62],"superdirective,":[63],"frequency-invariant":[64],"beamformer":[65,116],"based":[66],"on":[67,146],"filter-and-sum":[68],"architecture;":[69],"all":[70],"them":[72],"achieve":[73],"frequency-invariance":[74,121],"imposing":[76,128],"desired":[78,87,130],"pattern.":[80,132],"However,":[81],"choice":[83,94],"suitable":[86,163],"pattern":[89,194],"critical;":[91],"improper":[93],"results":[95,204],"in":[96,151,174,212],"unsatisfactory":[97],"performance.":[98],"This":[99],"paper":[100],"proposes":[101],"new":[103],"method":[104,179,211],"synthesis":[107],"that":[108,142,189],"allows":[109,190],"robust":[114,214],"with":[117,195,224],"tunable":[118],"tradeoff":[119],"between":[120],"and":[122,148,182],"directivity,":[123],"without":[124],"need":[126],"for":[127,218],"The":[133,203],"latter":[134],"defined":[136],"as":[137],"set":[139],"variables":[141,155],"do":[143],"not":[144],"depend":[145],"frequency":[147,200],"included":[150],"vector":[153],"be":[157,172],"optimized.":[158],"To":[159],"end,":[161],"cost":[164],"function":[165],"has":[166],"devised":[168],"whose":[169],"minimum":[170],"can":[171],"found":[173],"closed":[175],"form.":[176],"Therefore,":[177],"analytical":[181],"computationally":[183],"inexpensive.":[184],"addition,":[186],"technique":[188],"obtaining":[191],"linear":[197,219],"phase":[198],"over":[199],"described.":[202],"show":[205],"effectiveness":[207],"designing":[213],"arrays":[220,229],"receiving":[221],"far-field":[222],"signals,":[223],"special":[225],"attention":[226],"microphone":[228],"limited":[231],"aperture.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
