{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165523162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2010.2045786","title":"Frequency Estimation by Phase Unwrapping","display_name":"Frequency Estimation by Phase Unwrapping","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165523162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2010.2045786","mag":"2165523162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2010.2045786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2010.2045786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018311451","display_name":"Robby G. McKilliam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7341-8964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robby G. McKilliam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology &#38; Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology &#38; Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070352595","display_name":"Barry G. Quinn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2215-8098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry G. Quinn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004300153","display_name":"I. Vaughan L. Clarkson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Vaughan L. Clarkson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology &#38; Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology &#38; Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107869419","display_name":"Bill Moran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Moran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Melbourne Systems Lab, Dept of Elec &#38;' Electronic Eng, Uni of Melbourne, Australia","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Melbourne Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Melbourne Systems Lab, Dept of Elec &#38;' Electronic Eng, Uni of Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Melbourne Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0289,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99276535,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"2953","last_page":"2963"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.8149867057800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6156225800514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.506560206413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-function-approximation","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","score":0.4815578758716583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.4538518190383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.44387465715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4164610207080841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.28494003415107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2254139482975006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.8149867057800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6156225800514221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.506560206413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.4815578758716583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.4538518190383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.44387465715408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4164610207080841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.28494003415107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2254139482975006}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2010.2045786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2010.2045786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:205904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57720693","https://openalex.org/W1815790932","https://openalex.org/W1964083244","https://openalex.org/W1980031882","https://openalex.org/W1991360763","https://openalex.org/W1996348247","https://openalex.org/W1997086908","https://openalex.org/W2001188690","https://openalex.org/W2011270065","https://openalex.org/W2012416969","https://openalex.org/W2012589104","https://openalex.org/W2012669501","https://openalex.org/W2025934813","https://openalex.org/W2034023408","https://openalex.org/W2045936591","https://openalex.org/W2088227123","https://openalex.org/W2094837187","https://openalex.org/W2101362102","https://openalex.org/W2103716751","https://openalex.org/W2103820741","https://openalex.org/W2106403336","https://openalex.org/W2111416661","https://openalex.org/W2111855076","https://openalex.org/W2116631972","https://openalex.org/W2118499976","https://openalex.org/W2119352491","https://openalex.org/W2137345636","https://openalex.org/W2138927409","https://openalex.org/W2140940105","https://openalex.org/W2148907454","https://openalex.org/W2165407196","https://openalex.org/W2167432871","https://openalex.org/W2319003341","https://openalex.org/W2541260719","https://openalex.org/W4206628346","https://openalex.org/W4246202668","https://openalex.org/W4292408570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199220297","https://openalex.org/W2137769200","https://openalex.org/W2070821970","https://openalex.org/W2032962400","https://openalex.org/W2952608638","https://openalex.org/W1996172652","https://openalex.org/W2911323905","https://openalex.org/W4299069794","https://openalex.org/W2796380742","https://openalex.org/W2131248431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single":[0],"frequency":[1,27],"estimation":[2],"is":[3,41,50,82,92,107],"a":[4,110,125],"long-studied":[5],"problem":[6,99,111],"with":[7],"application":[8],"domains":[9],"including":[10],"radar,":[11],"sonar,":[12],"telecommunications,":[13],"astronomy":[14],"and":[15,53,88,148],"medicine.":[16],"One":[17],"method":[18],"of":[19,35,100,137,145],"estimation,":[20],"calledphase":[21],"unwrapping,":[22],"attempts":[23],"to":[24,84,109],"estimate":[25],"the":[26,33,36,44,47,59,76,98,102,118,131],"by":[28,43],"performing":[29],"linear":[30],"regression":[31,60],"on":[32],"phase":[34,49,73,105],"received":[37,48],"signal.":[38],"This":[39],"procedure":[40],"complicated":[42],"fact":[45],"that":[46,71,97,129],"`wrapped'":[51],"modulo":[52],"therefore":[54],"must":[55],"be":[56,62,85],"`unwrapped'":[57],"before":[58],"can":[61],"performed.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"an":[69],"estimator":[70,81],"performs":[72],"unwrapping":[74,106],"in":[75,112],"least":[77,103,132],"squares":[78,104,133],"sense.":[79],"The":[80,135],"shown":[83],"strongly":[86],"consistent":[87],"its":[89],"asymptotic":[90],"distribution":[91],"derived.":[93],"We":[94,123],"then":[95],"show":[96],"computing":[101],"related":[108],"algorithmic":[113],"number":[114],"theory":[115],"known":[116],"as":[117],"nearest":[119],"lattice":[120],"point":[121],"problem.":[122],"derive":[124],"polynomial":[126],"time":[127],"algorithm":[128],"computes":[130],"estimator.":[134],"results":[136],"various":[138],"simulations":[139],"are":[140],"described":[141],"for":[142],"different":[143],"values":[144],"sample":[146],"size":[147],"SNR.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
