{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134746901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2032990","title":"Joint Time Synchronization and Localization of an Unknown Node in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Joint Time Synchronization and Localization of an Unknown Node in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134746901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2032990","mag":"2134746901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2009.2032990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2032990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/124743/1/Content.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108063890","display_name":"Jun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-5867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085964667","display_name":"Yik\u2010Chung Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2738-0387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yik-Chung Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.504,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":185,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9474376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"3","first_page":"1309","last_page":"1320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.8630689382553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7992177605628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5993250608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5895273685455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5520011186599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5429458618164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.5298331379890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.512696385383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.49575504660606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37702423334121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.3542631268501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33626529574394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2125394344329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0930875837802887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08037960529327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.062205344438552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.059143126010894775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.8630689382553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7992177605628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5993250608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5895273685455322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5520011186599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5429458618164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.5298331379890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.512696385383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.49575504660606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37702423334121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3542631268501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33626529574394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2125394344329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0930875837802887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08037960529327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.062205344438552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.059143126010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2009.2032990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2032990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/124743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10722/124743","pdf_url":"http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/124743/1/Content.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.380.5879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.380.5879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eee.hku.hk/~ycwu/publication_download/ycwu_TSP_2010.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.421.4759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.421.4759","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eee.hku.hk/~zhengjun/tsp10.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/124743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10722/124743","pdf_url":"http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/124743/1/Content.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2134746901.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2134746901.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W296953449","https://openalex.org/W1567597423","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1968886330","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W1989651117","https://openalex.org/W2006805041","https://openalex.org/W2006860831","https://openalex.org/W2018093989","https://openalex.org/W2030255580","https://openalex.org/W2068999524","https://openalex.org/W2081202978","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2101658087","https://openalex.org/W2101764391","https://openalex.org/W2105666891","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2123545369","https://openalex.org/W2137536023","https://openalex.org/W2140625536","https://openalex.org/W2140728947","https://openalex.org/W2143229717","https://openalex.org/W2149911871","https://openalex.org/W2149925786","https://openalex.org/W2156476853","https://openalex.org/W2163817142","https://openalex.org/W2283715726","https://openalex.org/W2500266379","https://openalex.org/W2539438525","https://openalex.org/W4206428854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164801693","https://openalex.org/W2120266201","https://openalex.org/W2389491004","https://openalex.org/W2384282517","https://openalex.org/W2146616212","https://openalex.org/W2169354510","https://openalex.org/W2585557503","https://openalex.org/W2471913789","https://openalex.org/W1967296369","https://openalex.org/W4299934179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"synchronization":[1,38,51,68,165],"and":[2,39,52,63,69,92,107,124,142,160,166],"localization":[3,40,53,70,167],"are":[4,22,101,109,137],"two":[5,14],"important":[6],"issues":[7],"in":[8,19,78],"wireless":[9],"sensor":[10],"networks.":[11],"Although":[12],"these":[13],"problems":[15,41],"share":[16],"many":[17],"aspects":[18],"common,":[20],"they":[21],"traditionally":[23],"treated":[24],"separately.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27,79],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"present":[30],"a":[31,93,111],"unified":[32],"framework":[33],"to":[34,57,156],"jointly":[35],"solve":[36],"time":[37,67,164],"at":[42],"the":[43,48,58,65,82,87,104,125,133,149,162,170,176,179],"same":[44],"time.":[45],"Furthermore,":[46,169],"since":[47],"accuracy":[49,59],"of":[50,60,132,178],"is":[54,75,118],"very":[55,183],"sensitive":[56],"anchor":[61,105,144],"timings":[62,106],"locations,":[64],"joint":[66,88,151,181],"problem":[71],"with":[72,84],"inaccurate":[73,143],"anchors":[74],"also":[76],"considered":[77],"paper.":[80],"For":[81],"case":[83],"accurate":[85,141],"anchors,":[86],"maximum":[89],"likelihood":[90],"estimator":[91,100],"more":[94],"computationally":[95],"efficient":[96],"least":[97,114],"squares":[98,115],"(LS)":[99],"proposed.":[102,119],"When":[103],"locations":[108],"inaccurate,":[110],"generalized":[112],"total":[113],"(GTLS)":[116],"scheme":[117],"Crame\u00bfr-Rao":[120],"lower":[121],"bounds":[122],"(CRLBs)":[123],"analytical":[126,172],"mean":[127],"square":[128],"error":[129],"(MSE)":[130],"expressions":[131,174],"LS":[134],"based":[135],"estimators":[136,152,182],"derived":[138,171],"for":[139],"both":[140],"cases.":[145],"Results":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"proposed":[150,180],"exhibit":[153],"performances":[154,177],"close":[155],"their":[157],"respective":[158],"CRLBs":[159],"outperform":[161],"separate":[163],"approach.":[168],"MSE":[173],"predict":[175],"well.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
