{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100940872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2028971","title":"Gain-Control-Free Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Acquisition for QAM Constellations","display_name":"Gain-Control-Free Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Acquisition for QAM Constellations","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100940872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2028971","mag":"2100940872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2009.2028971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2028971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037476254","display_name":"Stefania Colonnese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-2155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefania Colonnese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnica dell Informazione e della Comunicazion INFOCOM, Universit\u00e0 La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","Dipt. di Scienza e Tec. dell'Inf. e della Comun. (INFOCOM), Univ. La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnica dell Informazione e della Comunicazion INFOCOM, Universit\u00e0 La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Scienza e Tec. dell'Inf. e della Comun. (INFOCOM), Univ. La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041290228","display_name":"Stefano Rinauro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Rinauro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnica dell Informazione e della Comunicazion INFOCOM, Universit\u00e0 La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","Dipt. di Scienza e Tec. dell'Inf. e della Comun. (INFOCOM), Univ. La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnica dell Informazione e della Comunicazion INFOCOM, Universit\u00e0 La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Scienza e Tec. dell'Inf. e della Comun. (INFOCOM), Univ. La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110066417","display_name":"Gianpiero Panci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianpiero Panci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnica dell Informazione e della Comunicazion INFOCOM, Universit\u00e0 La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","Dipt. di Scienza e Tec. dell'Inf. e della Comun. (INFOCOM), Univ. La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnica dell Informazione e della Comunicazion INFOCOM, Universit\u00e0 La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Scienza e Tec. dell'Inf. e della Comun. (INFOCOM), Univ. La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053640493","display_name":"Gaetano Scarano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-707X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Scarano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnica dell Informazione e della Comunicazion INFOCOM, Universit\u00e0 La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","Dipt. di Scienza e Tec. dell'Inf. e della Comun. (INFOCOM), Univ. La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnica dell Informazione e della Comunicazion INFOCOM, Universit\u00e0 La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Scienza e Tec. dell'Inf. e della Comun. (INFOCOM), Univ. La Sapienza di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0715,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76326422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"1","first_page":"349","last_page":"361"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7485916614532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.6975290179252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.5842697620391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.530623197555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5028213858604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4844913184642792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.46442902088165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.4599558115005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.44680842757225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40371173620224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3788786828517914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.33393898606300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.16694501042366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15123677253723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.11938264966011047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7485916614532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.6975290179252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5842697620391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.530623197555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5028213858604431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4844913184642792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46442902088165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.4599558115005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.44680842757225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40371173620224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3788786828517914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33393898606300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.16694501042366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15123677253723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.11938264966011047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2009.2028971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2028971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/228638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/228638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019024593","https://openalex.org/W2035751400","https://openalex.org/W2103305120","https://openalex.org/W2113542111","https://openalex.org/W2123448786","https://openalex.org/W2131208584","https://openalex.org/W2134875874","https://openalex.org/W2140493003","https://openalex.org/W2148886336","https://openalex.org/W2149549832","https://openalex.org/W2156077606","https://openalex.org/W2162561234","https://openalex.org/W2172296963","https://openalex.org/W2506382635","https://openalex.org/W2993584025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226","https://openalex.org/W1970526599","https://openalex.org/W2064534496","https://openalex.org/W3026565890","https://openalex.org/W2161389097"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,17,107,119,189],"novel":[4,180],"blind":[5],"frequency":[6,19,39,46,78,136,154,181],"offset":[7,40,137,182],"estimator":[8,22,122,138,162,183],"for":[9,127],"quadrature":[10],"amplitude":[11],"modulated":[12],"(QAM)":[13],"signals.":[14],"Specifically,":[15],"after":[16],"preliminary":[18],"compensation,":[20],"the":[21,26,34,38,45,51,56,61,65,74,86,99,133,140,161,179],"is":[23,42,89],"based":[24],"on":[25,60],"<i":[27],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[28],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u00bf/2</i>":[29],"-folded":[30,82],"phase":[31,57,67,83,100,121],"histogram":[32,58,84],"of":[33,76,85,102,160,192],"received":[35,62,87],"data.":[36],"Then,":[37],"estimate":[41],"taken":[43],"as":[44],"compensation":[47],"value":[48],"that":[49,123,178],"minimizes":[50],"mean":[52],"square":[53,128],"error":[54],"between":[55],"measured":[59],"samples":[63,104],"and":[64,111,129,167,174],"reference":[66],"probability":[68],"density":[69],"function":[70],"analytically":[71,165],"calculated":[72],"in":[73,153,188],"case":[75],"zero":[77],"offset.":[79],"The":[80,157],"\u00bf/2":[81],"data":[88],"here":[90,134],"called":[91],"Constellation":[92],"Phase":[93],"Signature,":[94],"since":[95],"it":[96,112,148],"definitively":[97],"characterizes":[98],"distribution":[101],"signal":[103],"belonging":[105],"to":[106,117,143],"particular":[108],"QAM":[109],"constellation,":[110],"has":[113,139,163],"already":[114],"been":[115,164],"employed":[116,152],"develop":[118],"gain-control-free":[120,145],"well":[124],"performs":[125],"both":[126],"cross":[130],"constellations.":[131],"Also":[132],"described":[135],"remarkable":[141],"property":[142],"be":[144,150],"and,":[146],"thus,":[147],"can":[149],"fruitfully":[151],"acquisition":[155],"stages.":[156],"asymptotic":[158],"performance":[159],"evaluated":[166],"assessed":[168],"by":[169],"numerical":[170,175],"simulations.":[171],"Theoretical":[172],"analysis":[173],"results":[176],"show":[177],"outperforms":[184],"state-of-the":[185],"art":[186],"estimators":[187],"wide":[190],"range":[191],"signal-to-noise":[193],"ratio":[194],"(SNR)":[195],"values.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
