{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169593583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2025821","title":"Successive and Asymptotically Efficient Localization of Sensor Nodes in Closed-Form","display_name":"Successive and Asymptotically Efficient Localization of Sensor Nodes in Closed-Form","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169593583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2025821","mag":"2169593583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2009.2025821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2025821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101448246","display_name":"Ming Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-9889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027768147","display_name":"K. C. Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4883-2151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.C. Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101448246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91681595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"11","first_page":"4522","last_page":"4537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6500625610351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6455167531967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6135033965110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5888923406600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5858901739120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4894489347934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.44646573066711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.43810707330703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4278929829597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.41866743564605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.41758063435554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.41422924399375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3315047025680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.2803744673728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.27416932582855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12669965624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08300772309303284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6500625610351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6455167531967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6135033965110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5888923406600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5858901739120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4894489347934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.44646573066711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.43810707330703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4278929829597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.41866743564605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.41758063435554504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.41422924399375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3315047025680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2803744673728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.27416932582855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12669965624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08300772309303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2009.2025821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2025821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1873468389","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W1989651117","https://openalex.org/W2009271970","https://openalex.org/W2049444669","https://openalex.org/W2051818487","https://openalex.org/W2097722237","https://openalex.org/W2100456966","https://openalex.org/W2114757154","https://openalex.org/W2121222652","https://openalex.org/W2124178852","https://openalex.org/W2132632442","https://openalex.org/W2133085864","https://openalex.org/W2149259182","https://openalex.org/W2150371009","https://openalex.org/W2154020241","https://openalex.org/W2156476853","https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W2171007619","https://openalex.org/W6677988454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164801693","https://openalex.org/W2120266201","https://openalex.org/W2585557503","https://openalex.org/W2389491004","https://openalex.org/W2384282517","https://openalex.org/W1976418043","https://openalex.org/W2378226311","https://openalex.org/W2035458027","https://openalex.org/W3111419928","https://openalex.org/W4388692784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"Accurate":[3],"localization":[4,111],"of":[5,39,46,61,81,107,137,151],"nodes":[6,36,50],"in":[7,71,129],"a":[8,12,28,47,72],"sensor":[9,17,35,86],"network":[10,18],"is":[11,113,141,145,156,175],"crucial":[13],"step":[14],"before":[15],"the":[16,34,44,62,96,108,130,138,152,160,178],"can":[19],"be":[20],"utilized":[21],"for":[22,68],"various":[23],"applications.":[24],"This":[25,174],"paper":[26],"proposes":[27],"successive":[29,59,149],"estimation":[30,150],"method":[31],"to":[32,83,101,158],"self-localize":[33],"using":[37],"time":[38],"arrival":[40],"(TOA)":[41],"measurements,":[42],"through":[43],"aid":[45],"few":[48],"anchor":[49],"whose":[51],"positions":[52,98],"are":[53,99],"known":[54],"<emphasis":[55],"emphasistype=\"italic\">a":[56],"priori</emphasis>.":[57],"The":[58,76,105],"nature":[60],"proposed":[63,77,109,139],"algorithm":[64,112,140],"makes":[65],"it":[66,144,155],"attractive":[67],"distributed":[69],"computation":[70,92,119],"resource":[73],"constrained":[74],"environment.":[75],"technique":[78],"uses":[79],"subsets":[80],"TOAs":[82],"obtain":[84],"coarse":[85],"node":[87,97,110,153],"estimates.":[88],"Depending":[89],"on":[90],"available":[91],"and":[93,115,120,147,181],"transmission":[94],"resources,":[95],"refined":[100],"improve":[102],"their":[103],"accuracies.":[104],"solution":[106],"algebraic":[114],"closed-form,":[116],"which":[117],"simplifies":[118],"avoids":[121],"possible":[122],"local":[123],"convergence":[124],"or":[125],"divergence":[126],"problems":[127],"as":[128],"traditional":[131],"iterative":[132],"approaches.":[133],"A":[134],"main":[135],"benefit":[136],"that":[142],"although":[143],"closed-form":[146],"performs":[148],"locations,":[154],"able":[157],"reach":[159],"Cram\u00c9r\u2013Rao":[161],"lower":[162],"bound":[163],"(CRLB)":[164],"accuracy":[165],"under":[166],"white":[167],"Gaussian":[168],"measurement":[169],"noise":[170],"with":[171],"sufficient":[172],"SNR.":[173],"confirmed":[176],"by":[177,183],"theoretical":[179],"analysis":[180],"corroborated":[182],"simulations.":[184],"</para>":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
