{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101317465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2016891","title":"Efficient Convex Relaxation Methods for Robust Target Localization by a Sensor Network Using Time Differences of Arrivals","display_name":"Efficient Convex Relaxation Methods for Robust Target Localization by a Sensor Network Using Time Differences of Arrivals","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101317465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2016891","mag":"2101317465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2009.2016891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2016891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026979852","display_name":"Kehu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-2713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kehu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratoryoratories of Integrated Services Networks ISN Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","State Key Labs. of Integrated Services Networks (ISN Lab.), Xidian Univ., Xi'an"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratoryoratories of Integrated Services Networks ISN Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Labs. of Integrated Services Networks (ISN Lab.), Xidian Univ., Xi'an","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600473","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-8103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratoryoratories of Integrated Services Networks ISN Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","State Key Labs. of Integrated Services Networks (ISN Lab.), Xidian Univ., Xi'an"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratoryoratories of Integrated Services Networks ISN Laboratory, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Labs. of Integrated Services Networks (ISN Lab.), Xidian Univ., Xi'an","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077232757","display_name":"Zhi-Quan Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Quan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8419,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":246,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9869829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"7","first_page":"2775","last_page":"2784"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.9371206760406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6912775635719299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.6516473889350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6196578741073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.6022473573684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5770434141159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.5578043460845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.5513562560081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5278294682502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.46667349338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.42755216360092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-node","display_name":"Sensor node","score":0.4209522008895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.4134179651737213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.41197720170021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34992876648902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.2742031216621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.1426471769809723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12449464201927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10071849822998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09592518210411072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.09259489178657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.0821179747581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06984996795654297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.9371206760406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6912775635719299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6516473889350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6196578741073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.6022473573684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5770434141159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.5578043460845947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.5513562560081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5278294682502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.46667349338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.42755216360092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.4209522008895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.4134179651737213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.41197720170021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34992876648902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2742031216621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.1426471769809723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12449464201927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10071849822998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09592518210411072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.09259489178657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0821179747581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06984996795654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsp.2009.2016891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2009.2016891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168680287","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","issn_l":"1053-587X","issn":["1053-587X","1941-0476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1967073510","https://openalex.org/W2009271970","https://openalex.org/W2023004272","https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2049444669","https://openalex.org/W2076065673","https://openalex.org/W2113168978","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2134060757","https://openalex.org/W2142947066","https://openalex.org/W2149259182","https://openalex.org/W2154347068","https://openalex.org/W2155729187","https://openalex.org/W2156476853","https://openalex.org/W2161459013","https://openalex.org/W2164308154","https://openalex.org/W2165930472","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153126047","https://openalex.org/W2085611874","https://openalex.org/W2079223355","https://openalex.org/W2565587446","https://openalex.org/W2551533013","https://openalex.org/W2029497602","https://openalex.org/W2089181681","https://openalex.org/W2048739159","https://openalex.org/W2036746722","https://openalex.org/W3012144164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,64],"consider":[1,44],"the":[2,33,45,74,98,104,111],"problem":[3,53],"of":[4,10,36,49,76,103],"target":[5,16,51,71],"localization":[6,52,72],"by":[7],"a":[8,21,67],"network":[9],"passive":[11],"sensors.":[12],"When":[13],"an":[14,18],"unknown":[15],"emits":[17],"acoustic":[19],"or":[20],"radio":[22],"signal,":[23],"its":[24],"position":[25],"can":[26],"be":[27],"localized":[28],"with":[29,88],"multiple":[30],"sensors":[31],"using":[32],"time":[34],"difference":[35],"arrival":[37],"(TDOA)":[38],"information.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41,50,60],"paper,":[42],"we":[43],"maximum":[46],"likelihood":[47],"formulation":[48,68],"and":[54,89,100],"provide":[55],"efficient":[56],"convex":[57,105],"relaxations":[58],"for":[59,69],"nonconvex":[61],"optimization":[62],"problem.":[63],"also":[65],"propose":[66],"robust":[70],"in":[73],"presence":[75],"sensor":[77,91,119],"location":[78,93,121],"errors.":[79,94],"Two":[80],"Cramer-Rao":[81],"bounds":[82],"are":[83,123],"derived":[84],"corresponding":[85],"to":[86,110],"situations":[87],"without":[90],"node":[92,120],"Simulation":[95],"results":[96],"confirm":[97],"efficiency":[99],"superior":[101],"performance":[102],"relaxation":[106],"approach":[107,116],"as":[108],"compared":[109],"existing":[112],"least":[113],"squares":[114],"based":[115],"when":[117],"large":[118],"errors":[122],"present.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}