{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015727453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2171335","title":"Web Interface Interpretation Using Graph Grammars","display_name":"Web Interface Interpretation Using Graph Grammars","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015727453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2171335","mag":"2015727453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2171335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2171335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066949209","display_name":"Jun Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-8339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo , ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo , ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045668367","display_name":"Omer Barkol","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Barkol","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel","[HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005828079","display_name":"Ruth Bergman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Bergman","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel","[HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109219790","display_name":"Amir Pnueli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Pnueli","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel","[HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010035641","display_name":"Sagi Schein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Schein","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel","[HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[HP Laboratories, Haifa, Israel]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432232","display_name":"Kang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-1697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109193968","display_name":"Chunying Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117942362","display_name":"Western Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sshz518","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117942362"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, USA","Dept of Comput. Sci., Western Illinois Univ., Macomb, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117942362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Comput. Sci., Western Illinois Univ., Macomb, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117942362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9537149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"590","last_page":"602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8065423965454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6180643439292908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6079368591308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-interpretation","display_name":"Semantic interpretation","score":0.5458202958106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.49829959869384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4702654778957367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4304667115211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.42357492446899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.4193943738937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4187760651111603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4085571765899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.39700567722320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3033277988433838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8065423965454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6180643439292908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6079368591308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193125573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449065","display_name":"Semantic interpretation","level":2,"score":0.5458202958106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.49829959869384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4702654778957367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4304667115211487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.42357492446899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.4193943738937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4187760651111603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4085571765899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39700567722320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3033277988433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2171335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2171335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.310.2080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.310.2080","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.utdallas.edu/~kzhang/Publications/SMCC2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-161040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-161040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323721","display_name":"Technion-Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86204371","https://openalex.org/W1508113248","https://openalex.org/W1551178608","https://openalex.org/W1553019137","https://openalex.org/W1566513354","https://openalex.org/W1577544661","https://openalex.org/W1638952162","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1748877974","https://openalex.org/W1985995642","https://openalex.org/W1994382199","https://openalex.org/W1995030549","https://openalex.org/W2012575882","https://openalex.org/W2018136990","https://openalex.org/W2022106151","https://openalex.org/W2026642282","https://openalex.org/W2051097555","https://openalex.org/W2065209767","https://openalex.org/W2070030212","https://openalex.org/W2075949054","https://openalex.org/W2077825318","https://openalex.org/W2082884138","https://openalex.org/W2088122177","https://openalex.org/W2091281415","https://openalex.org/W2095680579","https://openalex.org/W2096589311","https://openalex.org/W2100115174","https://openalex.org/W2104086170","https://openalex.org/W2105060390","https://openalex.org/W2105304410","https://openalex.org/W2107389775","https://openalex.org/W2108770713","https://openalex.org/W2111962137","https://openalex.org/W2114924437","https://openalex.org/W2115082394","https://openalex.org/W2123853152","https://openalex.org/W2129428889","https://openalex.org/W2144102317","https://openalex.org/W2147428516","https://openalex.org/W2150721933","https://openalex.org/W2154484245","https://openalex.org/W2158168860","https://openalex.org/W2158685692","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2166742463","https://openalex.org/W2169347997","https://openalex.org/W2326713822","https://openalex.org/W2398845262","https://openalex.org/W4212783130","https://openalex.org/W4246656656","https://openalex.org/W6632760221","https://openalex.org/W6633154970","https://openalex.org/W6633758734","https://openalex.org/W6637679570","https://openalex.org/W6674636590","https://openalex.org/W6675573929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W579810227","https://openalex.org/W2118045671","https://openalex.org/W2952204366","https://openalex.org/W2155045354","https://openalex.org/W4294365771","https://openalex.org/W2896088895","https://openalex.org/W2787308232","https://openalex.org/W3161756515","https://openalex.org/W2201932108","https://openalex.org/W3211060392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,16,28,54,65,92,99,102,111,138,178,181,185],"advent":[2],"of":[3,56,68,91,95,116,121,140],"Internet,":[5],"it":[6],"is":[7,25,107,159],"desirable":[8],"to":[9,26,41,63,83,109,132],"interpret":[10],"and":[11,43,59,80,114,143,174],"extract":[12],"useful":[13],"information":[14],"from":[15,72,137],"Web.":[17],"One":[18],"major":[19],"challenge":[20],"in":[21,98],"Web":[22,33],"interface":[23,47,85,135,142,172,189],"interpretation":[24,115],"discover":[27,42],"semantic":[29,66,112],"structure":[30,168],"underlying":[31],"a":[32,78,145],"interface.":[34],"Many":[35],"heuristic":[36],"approaches":[37,51],"have":[38],"been":[39],"developed":[40],"group":[44],"semantically":[45],"related":[46],"objects.":[48,119,155,190],"However,":[49],"those":[50],"cannot":[52],"solve":[53],"problem":[55],"nonuniformity":[57],"satisfactorily":[58],"are":[60],"not":[61],"able":[62],"tag":[64],"role":[67],"each":[69],"object.":[70],"Distinct":[71],"existing":[73],"approaches,":[74],"this":[75],"paper":[76],"develops":[77],"robust":[79],"formal":[81],"approach":[82],"recovering":[84],"semantics":[86],"using":[87],"graph":[88,104,158],"grammars.":[89],"Because":[90],"distinct":[93],"capability":[94],"spatial":[96,103,146,151,157,179],"specifications":[97],"abstract":[100],"syntax,":[101],"grammar":[105],"(SGG)":[106],"selected":[108],"perform":[110],"grouping":[113],"segmented":[117],"screen":[118],"Instead":[120],"analyzing":[122],"HTML":[123],"source":[124],"codes,":[125],"we":[126],"apply":[127],"an":[128,141],"efficient":[129],"image-processing":[130],"technology":[131],"recognize":[133],"atomic":[134],"objects":[136],"screenshot":[139],"produce":[144],"graph,":[147,180],"which":[148],"records":[149],"significant":[150],"relations":[152,187],"among":[153,188],"recognized":[154],"A":[156],"more":[160],"concise":[161],"than":[162],"its":[163],"corresponding":[164],"document":[165],"object":[166],"model":[167],"and,":[169],"thus,":[170],"facilitates":[171],"analysis":[173],"interpretation.":[175],"Based":[176],"on":[177],"SGG":[182],"parser":[183],"recovers":[184],"hierarchical":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
