{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145143778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2161577","title":"Computational Intelligence in Urban Traffic Signal Control: A Survey","display_name":"Computational Intelligence in Urban Traffic Signal Control: A Survey","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145143778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2161577","mag":"2145143778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2161577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2161577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624298","display_name":"Dongbin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-9633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongbin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Management of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, China","State Key Lab. of Intell. Control & Manage. of Complex Syst., Inst. of Autom., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Management of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Intell. Control & Manage. of Complex Syst., Inst. of Autom., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045525711","display_name":"Yujie Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6368-5033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Management of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, China","State Key Lab. of Intell. Control & Manage. of Complex Syst., Inst. of Autom., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Management of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Intell. Control & Manage. of Complex Syst., Inst. of Autom., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390176","display_name":"Zhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-629X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Management of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, China","State Key Lab. of Intell. Control & Manage. of Complex Syst., Inst. of Autom., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Management of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Haidian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Intell. Control & Manage. of Complex Syst., Inst. of Autom., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100624298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.1107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":308,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98962125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"485","last_page":"494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6067476272583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.5997639894485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5882152318954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.48080411553382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47799721360206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4728265702724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.4648536443710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.44622865319252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-flow","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","score":0.4299096465110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.4283190965652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3664062023162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2893087863922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25952208042144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20743131637573242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6067476272583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5997639894485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5882152318954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.48080411553382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47799721360206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4728265702724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.4648536443710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44622865319252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.4299096465110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.4283190965652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3664062023162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2893087863922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25952208042144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20743131637573242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2161577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2011.2161577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33871791","https://openalex.org/W104626780","https://openalex.org/W138497752","https://openalex.org/W597050491","https://openalex.org/W648913226","https://openalex.org/W1484203172","https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1522594835","https://openalex.org/W1526455201","https://openalex.org/W1585758603","https://openalex.org/W1716508807","https://openalex.org/W1914389580","https://openalex.org/W1982072010","https://openalex.org/W1984523211","https://openalex.org/W1986459634","https://openalex.org/W1986659999","https://openalex.org/W1988087504","https://openalex.org/W2007933500","https://openalex.org/W2014728147","https://openalex.org/W2015817066","https://openalex.org/W2016735521","https://openalex.org/W2020082215","https://openalex.org/W2022170832","https://openalex.org/W2029522260","https://openalex.org/W2031076267","https://openalex.org/W2031530760","https://openalex.org/W2035606507","https://openalex.org/W2037248853","https://openalex.org/W2039476607","https://openalex.org/W2040486853","https://openalex.org/W2041615404","https://openalex.org/W2048041430","https://openalex.org/W2051625380","https://openalex.org/W2051757867","https://openalex.org/W2059504136","https://openalex.org/W2062231617","https://openalex.org/W2068992314","https://openalex.org/W2070345084","https://openalex.org/W2072343584","https://openalex.org/W2074665047","https://openalex.org/W2082537175","https://openalex.org/W2083292079","https://openalex.org/W2086936075","https://openalex.org/W2096485139","https://openalex.org/W2099618002","https://openalex.org/W2101047963","https://openalex.org/W2101460915","https://openalex.org/W2110676355","https://openalex.org/W2110709360","https://openalex.org/W2114615402","https://openalex.org/W2117056304","https://openalex.org/W2119322083","https://openalex.org/W2127350252","https://openalex.org/W2128273577","https://openalex.org/W2128682479","https://openalex.org/W2130566689","https://openalex.org/W2133747588","https://openalex.org/W2136441099","https://openalex.org/W2146544184","https://openalex.org/W2147023982","https://openalex.org/W2153002112","https://openalex.org/W2155051208","https://openalex.org/W2156356828","https://openalex.org/W2158003279","https://openalex.org/W2160561608","https://openalex.org/W2169559705","https://openalex.org/W2172081845","https://openalex.org/W2369189033","https://openalex.org/W2468519215","https://openalex.org/W2582619045","https://openalex.org/W2740327538","https://openalex.org/W2798741797","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W3045451930","https://openalex.org/W3147491720","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4232929002","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4310077837","https://openalex.org/W6631268197","https://openalex.org/W6677051493","https://openalex.org/W6732744005","https://openalex.org/W6742009334","https://openalex.org/W7014291318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034924094","https://openalex.org/W1488708774","https://openalex.org/W3094954546","https://openalex.org/W4390341805","https://openalex.org/W2044422050","https://openalex.org/W3069032","https://openalex.org/W4210448965","https://openalex.org/W2361581724","https://openalex.org/W4390097595","https://openalex.org/W4360619413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"transportation":[1,109],"system":[2,110],"is":[3,68],"a":[4,19,90,104],"large":[5],"complex":[6],"nonlinear":[7],"system.":[8],"It":[9],"consists":[10],"of":[11,23,40,45,107,147,176,180],"surface-way":[12,166],"networks,":[13,15,130,169,187],"freeway":[14,168],"and":[16,26,36,42,53,75,114,133,140,145,167,170,173,178,182,197],"ramps":[17],"with":[18],"mixed":[20],"traffic":[21,46,64,148,186],"flow":[22],"vehicles,":[24],"bicycles,":[25],"pedestrians.":[27],"Traffic":[28],"congestions":[29,47,184],"occur":[30],"frequently,":[31],"which":[32,125],"affect":[33],"daily":[34],"life":[35],"pose":[37],"all":[38,61],"kinds":[39],"problems":[41],"challenges.":[43],"Alleviation":[44],"not":[48],"only":[49],"improves":[50],"travel":[51],"safety":[52],"efficiencies":[54],"but":[55],"also":[56],"reduces":[57],"environmental":[58],"pollution.":[59],"Among":[60],"the":[62,72,85,100],"solutions,":[63],"signal":[65],"control":[66,177],"(TSC)":[67],"commonly":[69,154],"thought":[70],"as":[71],"most":[73],"important":[74],"effective":[76],"method.":[77],"TSC":[78,93,103,113,162],"algorithms":[79],"have":[80,95],"evolved":[81],"quickly,":[82],"especially":[83],"over":[84],"past":[86],"several":[87,92],"decades.":[88],"As":[89],"result,":[91],"systems":[94,163],"been":[96],"widely":[97],"implemented":[98],"in":[99,161,185,188],"world,":[101],"making":[102],"major":[105],"component":[106],"intelligent":[108],"(ITS).":[111],"In":[112],"ITS,":[115],"many":[116],"new":[117],"technologies":[118],"can":[119],"be":[120],"adopted.":[121],"Computational":[122],"intelligence":[123],"(CI),":[124],"mainly":[126],"includes":[127],"artificial":[128],"neural":[129],"fuzzy":[131],"systems,":[132],"evolutionary":[134],"computation":[135],"algorithms,":[136],"brings":[137],"flexibility,":[138],"autonomy,":[139],"robustness":[141],"to":[142,190],"overcome":[143],"nonlinearity":[144],"randomness":[146],"systems.":[149],"This":[150],"paper":[151],"surveys":[152],"some":[153],"used":[155],"CI":[156],"paradigms,":[157],"analyzes":[158],"their":[159],"applications":[160],"for":[164,194],"urban":[165],"introduces":[171],"current":[172],"potential":[174],"issues":[175],"management":[179],"recurrent":[181],"nonrecurrent":[183],"order":[189],"provide":[191],"valuable":[192],"references":[193],"further":[195],"research":[196],"development.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
