{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068514419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2103939","title":"A Taxonomy and Experimental Study on Prototype Generation for Nearest Neighbor Classification","display_name":"A Taxonomy and Experimental Study on Prototype Generation for Nearest Neighbor Classification","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068514419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2103939","mag":"2068514419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2103939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2103939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075541426","display_name":"Isaac Triguero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-0651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Triguero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Research Center on Information and Communications Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell., Univ. of Granada, Granada, Spain#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Research Center on Information and Communications Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell., Univ. of Granada, Granada, Spain#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110250279","display_name":"Joaqu\u00edn Derrac","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joaqu\u00edn Derrac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Research Center on Information and Communications Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell., Univ. of Granada, Granada, Spain#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Research Center on Information and Communications Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell., Univ. of Granada, Granada, Spain#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078909305","display_name":"Salvador Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-7565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191420491","display_name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","ror":"https://ror.org/0122p5f64","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvador Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Ja\u00e9n, Jaen, Spain","Dept. of Computer Science, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Ja\u00e9n, Jaen, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Ja\u00e9n, Ja\u00e9n, Spain#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191420491"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045016749","display_name":"Francisco Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-312X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Research Center on Information and Communications Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell., Univ. of Granada, Granada, Spain#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Research Center on Information and Communications Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Artificial Intell., Univ. of Granada, Granada, Spain#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075541426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.2576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":269,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99731644,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"86","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.788909912109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6379815340042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.6282539367675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5446152687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.5355353951454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.5329880118370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5238680243492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5130752325057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-rule","display_name":"Classification rule","score":0.5106340050697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4217616021633148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.41308149695396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3935539126396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08425775170326233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.788909912109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6379815340042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6282539367675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5446152687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5355353951454163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.5329880118370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5238680243492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5130752325057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330126","display_name":"Classification rule","level":2,"score":0.5106340050697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4217616021633148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.41308149695396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3935539126396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08425775170326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2103939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2103939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.727.2169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.727.2169","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sci2s.ugr.es/sites/default/files/ficherosPublicaciones/1365_2012-Triguero-IEEETSMCC.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/100927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/100927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400567","display_name":"Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Granada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"AM"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8722571","https://openalex.org/W1491105865","https://openalex.org/W1542270631","https://openalex.org/W1553407966","https://openalex.org/W1565486828","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1689445748","https://openalex.org/W1827261456","https://openalex.org/W1967001541","https://openalex.org/W1967550647","https://openalex.org/W1968431010","https://openalex.org/W1971247125","https://openalex.org/W1974079881","https://openalex.org/W1982499516","https://openalex.org/W1983901095","https://openalex.org/W1988418786","https://openalex.org/W1989101118","https://openalex.org/W1989617207","https://openalex.org/W1990517717","https://openalex.org/W1993527150","https://openalex.org/W1994410331","https://openalex.org/W1997073273","https://openalex.org/W2002350524","https://openalex.org/W2015452969","https://openalex.org/W2019762723","https://openalex.org/W2022479766","https://openalex.org/W2026519996","https://openalex.org/W2037278428","https://openalex.org/W2049736842","https://openalex.org/W2053591567","https://openalex.org/W2055649902","https://openalex.org/W2056609019","https://openalex.org/W2057646567","https://openalex.org/W2067909599","https://openalex.org/W2070759487","https://openalex.org/W2088779313","https://openalex.org/W2092353981","https://openalex.org/W2092617083","https://openalex.org/W2095174088","https://openalex.org/W2097757574","https://openalex.org/W2098935086","https://openalex.org/W2103705607","https://openalex.org/W2105633484","https://openalex.org/W2107686700","https://openalex.org/W2113066515","https://openalex.org/W2114221533","https://openalex.org/W2115933183","https://openalex.org/W2118522967","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2122496402","https://openalex.org/W2123458540","https://openalex.org/W2127023476","https://openalex.org/W2127839699","https://openalex.org/W2129578806","https://openalex.org/W2137452788","https://openalex.org/W2138770315","https://openalex.org/W2142149251","https://openalex.org/W2144635266","https://openalex.org/W2146396044","https://openalex.org/W2146713522","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2149992809","https://openalex.org/W2150563191","https://openalex.org/W2153233077","https://openalex.org/W2158724449","https://openalex.org/W2158934641","https://openalex.org/W2163214087","https://openalex.org/W2163634979","https://openalex.org/W2163952039","https://openalex.org/W2165151540","https://openalex.org/W2165466912","https://openalex.org/W2166165501","https://openalex.org/W2168628284","https://openalex.org/W2168709053","https://openalex.org/W2169284845","https://openalex.org/W2169765847","https://openalex.org/W2170613853","https://openalex.org/W2306862514","https://openalex.org/W2418132357","https://openalex.org/W2966207845","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4205431832","https://openalex.org/W4206070770","https://openalex.org/W4233518571","https://openalex.org/W4239875977","https://openalex.org/W4253590107","https://openalex.org/W6677301753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2146076056","https://openalex.org/W2883887418","https://openalex.org/W3021364800","https://openalex.org/W2371691720","https://openalex.org/W4253950112","https://openalex.org/W2062957446","https://openalex.org/W2126100045","https://openalex.org/W2111363136","https://openalex.org/W2141447916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,99,190],"nearest":[1],"neighbor":[2],"(NN)":[3],"rule":[4,26,74],"is":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,64,67,103,107,122,133,146,165,185],"the":[8,60,65,68,72,108,120,123,139,154],"most":[9],"successfully":[10],"used":[11,70],"techniques":[12,79],"to":[13,118,179,202,211],"resolve":[14],"classification":[15,23,73],"and":[16,36,52,93,176,187],"pattern":[17],"recognition":[18],"tasks.":[19],"Despite":[20],"its":[21],"high":[22,37],"accuracy,":[24],"this":[25,127],"suffers":[27],"from":[28,161],"several":[29],"shortcomings":[30],"in":[31,59,158,183],"time":[32],"response,":[33],"noise":[34],"sensitivity,":[35],"storage":[38],"requirements.":[39],"These":[40],"weaknesses":[41],"have":[42],"been":[43],"tackled":[44],"by":[45],"many":[46],"different":[47,85,212],"approaches,":[48,86],"including":[49],"a":[50,105,131,143,150,169],"good":[51],"well-known":[53],"solution":[54],"that":[55,173],"we":[56,129,148,167],"can":[57,80],"find":[58],"literature,":[61],"which":[62,87,204],"consists":[63,102],"reduction":[66,78,188],"data":[69],"for":[71,138,209],"(training":[75],"data).":[76],"Prototype":[77],"be":[81],"divided":[82],"into":[83],"two":[84],"are":[88,192,200,207],"known":[89],"as":[90],"prototype":[91,94],"selection":[92],"generation":[95],"(PG)":[96],"or":[97],"abstraction.":[98],"former":[100],"process":[101],"choosing":[104],"subset":[106],"original":[109],"training":[110],"data,":[111],"whereas":[112],"PG":[113,134,205],"builds":[114],"new":[115],"artificial":[116],"prototypes":[117],"increase":[119],"accuracy":[121,186],"NN":[124,140],"classification.":[125],"In":[126],"paper,":[128],"provide":[130],"survey":[132],"methods":[135],"specifically":[136],"designed":[137],"rule.":[141],"From":[142],"theoretical":[144],"point":[145,164],"view,":[147,166],"propose":[149],"taxonomy":[151],"based":[152],"on":[153],"main":[155],"characteristics":[156],"presented":[157],"them.":[159],"Furthermore,":[160],"an":[162],"empirical":[163],"conduct":[168],"wide":[170],"experimental":[171],"study":[172],"involves":[174],"small":[175],"large":[177],"datasets":[178],"measure":[180],"their":[181],"performance":[182],"terms":[184],"capabilities.":[189],"results":[191],"contrasted":[193],"through":[194],"nonparametrical":[195],"statistical":[196],"tests.":[197],"Several":[198],"remarks":[199],"made":[201],"understand":[203],"models":[206],"appropriate":[208],"application":[210],"datasets.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
