{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2303508632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2060326","title":"NABS: Novel Approaches for Biometric Systems","display_name":"NABS: Novel Approaches for Biometric Systems","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2303508632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2060326","mag":"2303508632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2060326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2060326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055512639","display_name":"Maria De Marsico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-8502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria De Marsico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057168111","display_name":"Michele Nappi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2517-2867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Nappi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Salerno, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Salerno, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026226784","display_name":"Daniel Riccio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5844-0602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Riccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Salerno, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Salerno, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074856207","display_name":"Genoveffa Tortora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-8371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genoveffa Tortora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Salerno, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Salerno, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94658216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"4","first_page":"481","last_page":"493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7812396883964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7161247730255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7124481201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5255438685417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.474553644657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.45126110315322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.440307080745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4212539792060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.402408629655838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40157824754714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12851113080978394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7812396883964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7161247730255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7124481201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5255438685417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.474553644657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.45126110315322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.440307080745697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4212539792060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.402408629655838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40157824754714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12851113080978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2060326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2060326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/124667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/124667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487969903","https://openalex.org/W1510601647","https://openalex.org/W1512342487","https://openalex.org/W1559737998","https://openalex.org/W1595851073","https://openalex.org/W1889188951","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2048857329","https://openalex.org/W2060494110","https://openalex.org/W2061272711","https://openalex.org/W2062461381","https://openalex.org/W2068526999","https://openalex.org/W2078136378","https://openalex.org/W2084457609","https://openalex.org/W2086228340","https://openalex.org/W2090287798","https://openalex.org/W2097813091","https://openalex.org/W2103250033","https://openalex.org/W2107369107","https://openalex.org/W2107451631","https://openalex.org/W2114919633","https://openalex.org/W2114943803","https://openalex.org/W2116284923","https://openalex.org/W2116928538","https://openalex.org/W2117553576","https://openalex.org/W2127884747","https://openalex.org/W2129262635","https://openalex.org/W2130989669","https://openalex.org/W2133764910","https://openalex.org/W2135463994","https://openalex.org/W2136461127","https://openalex.org/W2137385871","https://openalex.org/W2140959843","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2148173335","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2152395371","https://openalex.org/W2155013857","https://openalex.org/W2157427619","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2160523592","https://openalex.org/W2162727880","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2167600827","https://openalex.org/W2342021069","https://openalex.org/W2542909876","https://openalex.org/W2704827073","https://openalex.org/W6630486365","https://openalex.org/W6681651645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W3104966193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,78,153],"biometrics":[2],"has":[3],"noticeably":[4],"increased.":[5],"However,":[6],"no":[7],"single":[8],"bodily":[9],"or":[10],"behavioral":[11],"feature":[12],"is":[13,30,123,193],"able":[14],"to":[15,45,68,115,130,138,195],"satisfy":[16],"acceptability,":[17],"speed,":[18],"and":[19,51,168,173,205,217],"reliability":[20,127,151],"constraints":[21],"of":[22,48,82,111,201,211],"authentication":[23],"in":[24,147],"real":[25],"applications.":[26],"The":[27,157,178],"present":[28],"trend":[29],"therefore":[31],"toward":[32],"multimodal":[33],"systems.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,65],"deal":[39],"with":[40,97],"some":[41],"core":[42],"issues":[43],"related":[44],"the":[46,79,83,93,98,116,124,142,185,202],"design":[47],"these":[49],"systems":[50,62],"propose":[52],"a":[53,89,109,149,154,181,198,206],"novel":[54,58,90],"modular":[55],"framework,":[56],"namely,":[57],"approaches":[59],"for":[60,92,184],"biometric":[61],"(NABS)":[63],"that":[64],"have":[66],"implemented":[67],"address":[69],"them.":[70],"NABS":[71,192],"proposal":[72],"encompasses":[73],"two":[74],"possible":[75],"architectures":[76],"based":[77],"comparative":[80],"speeds":[81],"involved":[84],"biometries.":[85,177],"It":[86],"also":[87],"provides":[88],"solution":[91],"data":[94],"normalization":[95,103],"problem,":[96],"new":[99],"quasi-linear":[100],"sigmoid":[101],"(QLS)":[102],"function.":[104],"This":[105],"function":[106],"can":[107,220],"overcome":[108],"number":[110],"common":[112],"limitations,":[113],"according":[114],"presented":[117],"experimental":[118,159],"comparisons.":[119],"A":[120],"further":[121],"contribution":[122],"system":[125,150],"response":[126,132],"(SRR)":[128],"index":[129],"measure":[131,152],"confidence.":[133],"Its":[134],"theoretical":[135,187],"definition":[136],"allows":[137],"take":[139],"into":[140],"account":[141],"gallery":[143],"composition":[144],"at":[145,162],"hand":[146],"assigning":[148],"single-response":[155],"basis.":[156],"unified":[158],"setting":[160],"aims":[161],"evaluating":[163],"such":[164],"aspects":[165],"both":[166,197],"separately":[167],"together,":[169],"using":[170],"face,":[171],"ear,":[172],"fingerprint":[174],"as":[175],"test":[176],"results":[179],"provide":[180],"positive":[182],"feedback":[183],"overall":[186],"framework":[188],"developed":[189],"herein.":[190],"Since":[191],"designed":[194],"allow":[196],"flexible":[199],"choice":[200],"adopted":[203],"architecture,":[204],"variable":[207],"compositions":[208],"and/or":[209],"substitution":[210],"its":[212],"optional":[213],"modules,":[214],"i.e.,":[215],"QLS":[216],"SRR,":[218],"it":[219],"support":[221],"different":[222],"operational":[223],"settings.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
