{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108370776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2008.2001693","title":"Machine Vision/GPS Integration Using EKF for the UAV Aerial Refueling Problem","display_name":"Machine Vision/GPS Integration Using EKF for the UAV Aerial Refueling Problem","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108370776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2008.2001693","mag":"2108370776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2008.2001693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2008.2001693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008593958","display_name":"Marco Mammarella","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Mammarella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","Dept. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016173174","display_name":"Giampiero Campa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-5167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giampiero Campa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","Dept. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110357836","display_name":"Marcello R. Napolitano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcello R. Napolitano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","Dept. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057733793","display_name":"Mario Luca Fravolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3104-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario L. Fravolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064713953","display_name":"Yu Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3165-3269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","[Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112635295","display_name":"Mario Perhinschi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario G. Perhinschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","[Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008593958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.7184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98704827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"6","first_page":"791","last_page":"801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13855","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13855","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9470999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.9119892716407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7604785561561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.6806648969650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6118259429931641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5590310096740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5585160255432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5055279731750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps/ins","display_name":"GPS/INS","score":0.4712781310081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4709404706954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3695261478424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.28463971614837646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.9119892716407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7604785561561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.6806648969650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6118259429931641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5590310096740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5585160255432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5055279731750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193183557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195126","display_name":"GPS/INS","level":4,"score":0.4712781310081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4709404706954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3695261478424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.28463971614837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2008.2001693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2008.2001693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227557","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews)","issn_l":"1094-6977","issn":["1094-6977","1558-2442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203237760","https://openalex.org/W591644047","https://openalex.org/W1570080783","https://openalex.org/W1586251222","https://openalex.org/W1970151648","https://openalex.org/W1970854673","https://openalex.org/W1976180851","https://openalex.org/W2017011591","https://openalex.org/W2017988369","https://openalex.org/W2018098206","https://openalex.org/W2019996527","https://openalex.org/W2024159014","https://openalex.org/W2025206730","https://openalex.org/W2035184990","https://openalex.org/W2037539475","https://openalex.org/W2039729495","https://openalex.org/W2044565218","https://openalex.org/W2051436920","https://openalex.org/W2068329315","https://openalex.org/W2077093587","https://openalex.org/W2095988678","https://openalex.org/W2096939802","https://openalex.org/W2102036354","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2112558719","https://openalex.org/W2114901627","https://openalex.org/W2133809317","https://openalex.org/W2144123706","https://openalex.org/W2151851694","https://openalex.org/W2153532417","https://openalex.org/W2154422144","https://openalex.org/W2162430761","https://openalex.org/W2162440713","https://openalex.org/W2167501464","https://openalex.org/W2180017599","https://openalex.org/W2334553994","https://openalex.org/W2544782254","https://openalex.org/W2914011225","https://openalex.org/W4206698960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2489733227","https://openalex.org/W2037108571","https://openalex.org/W3164861920","https://openalex.org/W2318656236","https://openalex.org/W1990299967","https://openalex.org/W2084193545","https://openalex.org/W2390992067","https://openalex.org/W2162299404","https://openalex.org/W45260879","https://openalex.org/W2103062922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"The":[3,74,126],"purpose":[4],"of":[5,13,27,62,76,91,109,117,133,150,155,159],"this":[6],"paper":[7],"is":[8,38],"to":[9,40],"propose":[10],"the":[11,20,25,36,42,63,68,71,77,89,92,98,110,131,134,153],"application":[12],"an":[14],"extended":[15],"Kalman":[16],"filter":[17],"(EKF)":[18],"for":[19,30,57,88],"sensors":[21],"fusion":[22,101,162],"task":[23],"within":[24],"problem":[26],"aerial":[28,32,94],"refueling":[29,72,95],"unmanned":[31],"vehicles":[33],"(UAVs).":[34],"Specifically,":[35],"EKF":[37,156],"used":[39],"combine":[41],"position":[43,66,112,136],"data":[44,105],"from":[45],"a":[46,52,59,83,115],"global":[47],"positioning":[48],"system":[49,56],"(GPS)":[50],"and":[51,70,122],"machine":[53],"vision":[54],"(MV)-based":[55],"providing":[58],"reliable":[60],"estimation":[61,124],"tanker\u2013UAV":[64,111],"relative":[65,135],"throughout":[67],"docking":[69],"phase.":[73],"performance":[75],"scheme":[78,102],"has":[79],"been":[80],"evaluated":[81],"using":[82,137],"virtual":[84],"environment":[85],"specifically":[86],"developed":[87],"study":[90],"UAV":[93],"problem.":[96],"Particularly,":[97],"EKF-based":[99],"sensor":[100,161],"integrates":[103],"GPS":[104,138],"with":[106,152],"MV-based":[107],"estimates":[108,141],"derived":[113],"through":[114],"combination":[116],"feature":[118,120],"extraction,":[119],"classification,":[121],"pose":[123],"algorithms.":[125],"achieved":[127],"results":[128],"indicate":[129],"that":[130],"accuracy":[132],"or":[139],"MV":[140],"can":[142],"be":[143],"improved":[144],"by":[145],"at":[146],"least":[147],"one":[148],"order":[149],"magnitude":[151],"use":[154],"in":[157],"lieu":[158],"other":[160],"techniques.":[163],"</para>":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
