{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055631180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2227722","title":"Autofocus of Iris Patterns Using a Triangle Aperture","display_name":"Autofocus of Iris Patterns Using a Triangle Aperture","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055631180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2227722","mag":"2055631180","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26502438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2227722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2227722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070330435","display_name":"Yao-Tung Chuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193365169","display_name":"National Chi Nan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha6v181","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yao-Tung Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033325837","display_name":"Yu-Lun Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193365169","display_name":"National Chi Nan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha6v181","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Lun Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101750297","display_name":"Kuo\u2010Cheng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-8343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Applied Research Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuo-Cheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrum. Technol. Res. Center, Nat. Appl. Res. Labs., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048105755","display_name":"Sheng-Wen Shih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193365169","display_name":"National Chi Nan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha6v181","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Wen Shih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Taiwan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070330435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193365169"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.49968169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70120807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"4","first_page":"1304","last_page":"1309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofocus","display_name":"Autofocus","score":0.9612185955047607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.7030272483825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.6675628423690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6541600227355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.649782657623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.6245838403701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5964840650558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5358923673629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.501777172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.4742005467414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-lens","display_name":"Camera lens","score":0.4168761670589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32330185174942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22504916787147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.11430418491363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.08573490381240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.07842087745666504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103764139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210008","display_name":"Autofocus","level":3,"score":0.9612185955047607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.7030272483825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.6675628423690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6541600227355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.649782657623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6245838403701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5964840650558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5358923673629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.501777172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4742005467414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192234","display_name":"Camera lens","level":3,"score":0.4168761670589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32330185174942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22504916787147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11430418491363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.08573490381240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.07842087745666504}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2227722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2227722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26502438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26502438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489429074","https://openalex.org/W1860182139","https://openalex.org/W1974821667","https://openalex.org/W2069341922","https://openalex.org/W2088714418","https://openalex.org/W2102208128","https://openalex.org/W2102796633","https://openalex.org/W2113111438","https://openalex.org/W2114487485","https://openalex.org/W2116354491","https://openalex.org/W2119028667","https://openalex.org/W2146559001","https://openalex.org/W2155716289","https://openalex.org/W2160242612","https://openalex.org/W2164811382","https://openalex.org/W6675190107","https://openalex.org/W6683943363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2418889413","https://openalex.org/W1896984196","https://openalex.org/W2432509709","https://openalex.org/W4200527389","https://openalex.org/W1988455012","https://openalex.org/W2027718226","https://openalex.org/W2055631180","https://openalex.org/W4320061889","https://openalex.org/W1515588876","https://openalex.org/W2073809998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"shows":[2],"that,":[3],"by":[4],"simply":[5],"adding":[6],"a":[7,14,30,34],"triangle":[8,35],"aperture":[9,93],"(TA)":[10],"in":[11],"front":[12],"of":[13,29,45,58],"camera":[15],"lens,":[16],"iris":[17],"autofocus":[18,64],"can":[19,48],"be":[20,49],"easily":[21],"achieved.":[22],"Through":[23],"the":[24,26,38,46,53,56,59,81,90],"TA,":[25],"corneal":[27],"reflection":[28],"light":[31],"source":[32],"forms":[33],"glint":[36,47],"on":[37],"image":[39],"plane.":[40],"The":[41],"size":[42],"and":[43,55,76,87],"orientation":[44],"used":[50],"to":[51],"infer":[52],"amount":[54],"direction":[57],"focus":[60],"adjustment.":[61],"A":[62],"gradient-descent":[63],"control":[65],"law":[66],"is":[67,84],"proposed":[68,82],"for":[69],"uncalibrated":[70],"lenses.":[71],"Results":[72],"from":[73],"theoretical":[74],"analysis":[75],"real":[77],"experiments":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"method":[83],"more":[85],"efficient":[86],"accurate":[88],"than":[89],"conventional":[91],"circular":[92],"approach.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}