{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008968845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2202901","title":"M-Isomap: Orthogonal Constrained Marginal Isomap for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction","display_name":"M-Isomap: Orthogonal Constrained Marginal Isomap for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008968845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2202901","mag":"2008968845","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22773048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2202901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2202901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423029","display_name":"Zhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-7969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050716572","display_name":"Tommy W. S. Chow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommy W. S. Chow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061195038","display_name":"Mingbo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-4360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingbo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Eng., City Univ of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8305,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96675659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"180","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isomap","display_name":"Isomap","score":0.9928498268127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.6791335344314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.6759874820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6680527925491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.6098160147666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5770946145057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5427825450897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5084275603294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4852140247821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-point","display_name":"Data point","score":0.4589390158653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3463175892829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32934433221817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12289011478424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.0786430835723877}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778626561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6086067","display_name":"Isomap","level":4,"score":0.9928498268127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.6791335344314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.6759874820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6680527925491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.6098160147666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5770946145057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5427825450897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5084275603294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4852140247821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21080849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13611879","display_name":"Data point","level":2,"score":0.4589390158653259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3463175892829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32934433221817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12289011478424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0786430835723877}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2202901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2012.2202901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191041","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","issn_l":"2168-2267","issn":["2168-2267","2168-2275"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22773048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22773048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1742512077","https://openalex.org/W1813030236","https://openalex.org/W1821148229","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2015430519","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2090579338","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2098089028","https://openalex.org/W2118527389","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2135643717","https://openalex.org/W2149620660","https://openalex.org/W2149824585","https://openalex.org/W2156761667","https://openalex.org/W2156838815","https://openalex.org/W2158281641","https://openalex.org/W2168446431","https://openalex.org/W2169658215","https://openalex.org/W2595697910","https://openalex.org/W2925006810","https://openalex.org/W3021359550","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W3148981562","https://openalex.org/W4230513921","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W4254010842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375574759","https://openalex.org/W1489327846","https://openalex.org/W4287375746","https://openalex.org/W3124275785","https://openalex.org/W2037225398","https://openalex.org/W2132734978","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W2364555648","https://openalex.org/W3126767766","https://openalex.org/W2352321395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Isomap":[0,23,47,52],"is":[1,24,109,119,167],"a":[2,50,92],"well-known":[3],"nonlinear":[4,21,84],"dimensionality":[5],"reduction":[6],"(DR)":[7],"method,":[8],"aiming":[9],"at":[10,111],"preserving":[11],"geodesic":[12],"distances":[13,76],"of":[14,69,106,117,127,150,156],"all":[15],"similarity":[16],"pairs":[17],"for":[18,54],"delivering":[19],"highly":[20],"manifolds.":[22],"efficient":[25],"in":[26,37],"visualizing":[27],"synthetic":[28],"data":[29,145],"sets,":[30],"but":[31],"it":[32],"usually":[33],"delivers":[34,180],"unsatisfactory":[35],"results":[36,163,185],"benchmark":[38,131],"cases.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"incorporates":[42],"the":[43,67,73,83,88,112],"pairwise":[44,58],"constraints":[45,62],"into":[46],"and":[48,60,81,103,130,137,141,147],"proposes":[49],"marginal":[51],"(M-Isomap)":[53],"manifold":[55],"learning.":[56],"The":[57,115,144,161],"Cannot-Link":[59],"Must-Link":[61],"are":[63,101,152],"used":[64],"to":[65,169],"specify":[66],"types":[68],"neighborhoods.":[70],"M-Isomap":[71,118,151,166,179],"computes":[72],"shortest":[74],"path":[75],"over":[77,124],"constrained":[78],"neighborhood":[79],"graphs":[80],"guides":[82],"DR":[85,159,189],"through":[86],"separating":[87],"interclass":[89],"neighbors.":[90],"As":[91],"result,":[93],"large":[94],"margins":[95],"between":[96],"both":[97],"interand":[98],"intraclass":[99],"clusters":[100],"delivered":[102],"enhanced":[104],"compactness":[105],"intracluster":[107],"points":[108],"achieved":[110],"same":[113],"time.":[114],"validity":[116],"examined":[120],"by":[121],"extensive":[122],"simulations":[123],"synthetic,":[125],"University":[126],"California,":[128],"Irvine,":[129],"real":[132],"Olivetti":[133],"Research":[134],"Library,":[135],"YALE,":[136],"CMU":[138],"Pose,":[139],"Illumination,":[140],"Expression":[142],"databases.":[143],"visualization":[146,162],"clustering":[148],"power":[149],"compared":[153],"with":[154],"those":[155],"six":[157],"related":[158],"methods.":[160],"show":[164],"that":[165,178],"able":[168],"deliver":[170],"more":[171],"separate":[172],"clusters.":[173],"Clustering":[174],"evaluations":[175],"also":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"comparable":[181],"or":[182],"even":[183],"better":[184],"than":[186],"some":[187],"state-of-the-art":[188],"algorithms.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
