{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156396274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2010.2058103","title":"Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Safe Human\u2013Robot Interactions","display_name":"Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Safe Human\u2013Robot Interactions","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156396274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2010.2058103","mag":"2156396274","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20699212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcb.2010.2058103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2010.2058103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170378","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics)","issn_l":"1083-4419","issn":["1083-4419","1941-0492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008550461","display_name":"Nima Najmaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nima Najmaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada. nnajmaei@uwo.ca","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ONT, Canada","Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics Research Center, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ONT, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada. nnajmaei@uwo.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics Research Center, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018767588","display_name":"Mehrdad R. Kermani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-9485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad R Kermani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ONT, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008550461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732","https://openalex.org/I2800925808"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9638623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"448","last_page":"459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workspace","display_name":"Workspace","score":0.8632807731628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7731958031654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6817741394042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6231220364570618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.615125298500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.5585449934005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4513692557811737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.42457088828086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.4224373996257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.38958054780960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20380297303199768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58581272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12741163","display_name":"Workspace","level":3,"score":0.8632807731628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7731958031654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6817741394042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6231220364570618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.615125298500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.5585449934005737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4513692557811737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.42457088828086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4224373996257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.38958054780960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20380297303199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003661","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003661","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003661","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017751","descriptor_name":"Safety Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017751","descriptor_name":"Safety Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017751","descriptor_name":"Safety Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcb.2010.2058103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2010.2058103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170378","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics)","issn_l":"1083-4419","issn":["1083-4419","1941-0492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20699212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20699212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117922978","https://openalex.org/W247697463","https://openalex.org/W1424654272","https://openalex.org/W1569512666","https://openalex.org/W1679913846","https://openalex.org/W1728208563","https://openalex.org/W1960145001","https://openalex.org/W1990517717","https://openalex.org/W1993999483","https://openalex.org/W2000982104","https://openalex.org/W2027799119","https://openalex.org/W2042846337","https://openalex.org/W2046218227","https://openalex.org/W2050507902","https://openalex.org/W2050835671","https://openalex.org/W2058371413","https://openalex.org/W2100061508","https://openalex.org/W2100470760","https://openalex.org/W2100723321","https://openalex.org/W2103120971","https://openalex.org/W2111112566","https://openalex.org/W2116891662","https://openalex.org/W2121417827","https://openalex.org/W2131404784","https://openalex.org/W2135569231","https://openalex.org/W2143734802","https://openalex.org/W2144529183","https://openalex.org/W2145523007","https://openalex.org/W2149085596","https://openalex.org/W2164334229","https://openalex.org/W2164642883","https://openalex.org/W2167150807","https://openalex.org/W2308324856","https://openalex.org/W2540293547","https://openalex.org/W2611243847","https://openalex.org/W4238591275","https://openalex.org/W6640820284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992503747","https://openalex.org/W2371519816","https://openalex.org/W2043154226","https://openalex.org/W2369529107","https://openalex.org/W3165413239","https://openalex.org/W3205513966","https://openalex.org/W2052971528","https://openalex.org/W3120459843","https://openalex.org/W4366547574","https://openalex.org/W3200191727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80,102,151],"integration":[1],"of":[2,12,46,62,77,85,113,133,182],"industrial":[3],"robots":[4],"into":[5],"the":[6,44,47,50,78,86,90,99,111,114,119,131,142,146,154,166,180,183],"human":[7,27,48,100,125,147],"workspace":[8,52],"presents":[9],"a":[10,18,30,39,59,74,134],"set":[11],"unique":[13],"challenges.":[14],"This":[15,127],"paper":[16],"introduces":[17],"new":[19,135],"sensory":[20,91],"system":[21,92],"for":[22,42,72,97],"modeling,":[23],"tracking,":[24],"and":[25,93,148,161,171],"predicting":[26],"motions":[28],"within":[29,49],"robot":[31,51,115,149,155],"workspace.":[32],"A":[33],"reactive":[34,136],"control":[35,137],"scheme":[36,138],"to":[37,109,156,178],"modify":[38],"robot's":[40],"operations":[41,116],"accommodating":[43],"presence":[45],"is":[53,70,104,128],"also":[54],"presented.":[55],"To":[56],"this":[57],"end,":[58],"special":[60],"class":[61],"artificial":[63],"neural":[64],"networks,":[65],"namely,":[66],"self-organizing":[67],"maps":[68],"(SOMs),":[69],"employed":[71],"obtaining":[73],"superquadric-based":[75],"model":[76,103],"human.":[79],"SOM":[81],"network":[82],"receives":[83],"information":[84],"human's":[87],"footprints":[88],"from":[89],"infers":[94],"necessary":[95],"data":[96],"rendering":[98],"model.":[101],"then":[105],"used":[106],"in":[107,141,176],"order":[108,177],"assess":[110],"danger":[112,160,167],"based":[117],"on":[118],"measured":[120],"as":[121,123],"well":[122],"predicted":[124],"motions.":[126],"followed":[129],"by":[130],"introduction":[132],"that":[139],"results":[140,173],"least":[143],"interferences":[144],"between":[145],"operations.":[150],"approach":[152],"enables":[153],"foresee":[157],"an":[158],"upcoming":[159],"take":[162],"preventive":[163],"actions":[164],"before":[165],"becomes":[168],"imminent.":[169],"Simulation":[170],"experimental":[172],"are":[174],"presented":[175],"validate":[179],"effectiveness":[181],"proposed":[184],"method.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}