{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138732110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2008.2006910","title":"Multiagent Optimization System for Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP)","display_name":"Multiagent Optimization System for Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP)","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138732110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2008.2006910","mag":"2138732110","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19095545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcb.2008.2006910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2008.2006910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170378","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics)","issn_l":"1083-4419","issn":["1083-4419","1941-0492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017238969","display_name":"Xiaofeng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7970-2974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Feng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. xiexf@ieee.org","Department of Computer Science Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. xiexf@ieee.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062375227","display_name":"Jiming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-9064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97281475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"2","first_page":"489","last_page":"502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7205297946929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6632856726646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.6425904035568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.602934718132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.5189575552940369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.49435901641845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lin\u2013kernighan-heuristic","display_name":"Lin\u2013Kernighan heuristic","score":0.4598345160484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4366912543773651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42920950055122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39175063371658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3664819002151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-opt","display_name":"2-opt","score":0.32135581970214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22859546542167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21532800793647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08672326803207397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7205297946929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6632856726646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.6425904035568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.602934718132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.5189575552940369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49435901641845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103888782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835802","display_name":"Lin\u2013Kernighan heuristic","level":4,"score":0.4598345160484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4366912543773651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42920950055122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39175063371658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3664819002151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106472803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291440","display_name":"2-opt","level":3,"score":0.32135581970214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22859546542167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21532800793647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08672326803207397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tsmcb.2008.2006910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2008.2006910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170378","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics)","issn_l":"1083-4419","issn":["1083-4419","1941-0492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19095545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19095545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkbu.edu.hk:hkbu_staff_publication-1509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/hkbu_staff_publication/495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196872","display_name":"HKBU Institutional Repository (Hong Kong Baptist University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HKBU Staff Publication","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54221576","https://openalex.org/W73413430","https://openalex.org/W93737390","https://openalex.org/W99032621","https://openalex.org/W209138504","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1503369191","https://openalex.org/W1516301787","https://openalex.org/W1528149415","https://openalex.org/W1533263546","https://openalex.org/W1533818411","https://openalex.org/W1556135850","https://openalex.org/W1559839959","https://openalex.org/W1560922476","https://openalex.org/W1561636111","https://openalex.org/W1570765208","https://openalex.org/W1575155528","https://openalex.org/W1602773725","https://openalex.org/W1717440967","https://openalex.org/W1801849579","https://openalex.org/W1872445975","https://openalex.org/W1965735445","https://openalex.org/W1984322306","https://openalex.org/W1985278890","https://openalex.org/W1991174119","https://openalex.org/W1995911707","https://openalex.org/W2000511723","https://openalex.org/W2008693239","https://openalex.org/W2009799193","https://openalex.org/W2009803313","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2012443753","https://openalex.org/W2017708378","https://openalex.org/W2018676344","https://openalex.org/W2032431794","https://openalex.org/W2042986967","https://openalex.org/W2053567707","https://openalex.org/W2060642394","https://openalex.org/W2061597025","https://openalex.org/W2064902266","https://openalex.org/W2067002250","https://openalex.org/W2071697210","https://openalex.org/W2074950779","https://openalex.org/W2078176013","https://openalex.org/W2081231516","https://openalex.org/W2090380604","https://openalex.org/W2091674391","https://openalex.org/W2100791493","https://openalex.org/W2101395676","https://openalex.org/W2102076751","https://openalex.org/W2104056593","https://openalex.org/W2104490983","https://openalex.org/W2107941094","https://openalex.org/W2116562078","https://openalex.org/W2117954987","https://openalex.org/W2118763946","https://openalex.org/W2120348968","https://openalex.org/W2124344619","https://openalex.org/W2134807165","https://openalex.org/W2135054307","https://openalex.org/W2135113998","https://openalex.org/W2140425706","https://openalex.org/W2142661676","https://openalex.org/W2143740992","https://openalex.org/W2143969246","https://openalex.org/W2147198162","https://openalex.org/W2147492008","https://openalex.org/W2150704630","https://openalex.org/W2159071801","https://openalex.org/W2159073853","https://openalex.org/W2160534125","https://openalex.org/W2161772518","https://openalex.org/W2163428398","https://openalex.org/W2163528881","https://openalex.org/W2165061252","https://openalex.org/W2167377888","https://openalex.org/W2294680933","https://openalex.org/W2406236840","https://openalex.org/W2465918394","https://openalex.org/W2542928804","https://openalex.org/W2888190061","https://openalex.org/W2914775474","https://openalex.org/W2976664243","https://openalex.org/W3040744424","https://openalex.org/W3126379430","https://openalex.org/W3214923421","https://openalex.org/W4231334503","https://openalex.org/W4244491465","https://openalex.org/W4246467599","https://openalex.org/W4249804345","https://openalex.org/W4251423297","https://openalex.org/W4388260183","https://openalex.org/W6602276606","https://openalex.org/W6602967389","https://openalex.org/W6603775093","https://openalex.org/W6604038483","https://openalex.org/W6608404185","https://openalex.org/W6630838125","https://openalex.org/W6633646037","https://openalex.org/W6634249717","https://openalex.org/W6639245300","https://openalex.org/W6675250958","https://openalex.org/W6675721791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389782626","https://openalex.org/W1595757466","https://openalex.org/W2980689483","https://openalex.org/W1992330822","https://openalex.org/W2171568915","https://openalex.org/W2191054341","https://openalex.org/W2766731260","https://openalex.org/W4246557197","https://openalex.org/W1645834615","https://openalex.org/W2106103215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119,157],"multiagent":[1],"optimization":[2],"system":[3],"(MAOS)":[4],"is":[5,36,51,61,112,131,231],"a":[6,17,62,69,97,196,234],"nature-inspired":[7],"method,":[8],"which":[9,60,74,203],"supports":[10],"cooperative":[11,117,185],"search":[12,153,186,207],"by":[13],"the":[14,55,140,155,184,200,210,222],"self-organization":[15],"of":[16,19,159,187,225],"group":[18],"compact":[20],"agents":[21,188],"situated":[22],"in":[23,34,73,107,199,213],"an":[24,37,191,227],"environment":[25],"with":[26,40,105,135,195,209],"certain":[27,167,205],"sharing":[28],"public":[29],"knowledge.":[30],"Moreover,":[31],"each":[32,75],"agent":[33,76],"MAOS":[35,50,71,111,130,146,160],"autonomous":[38],"entity":[39],"personal":[41],"declarative":[42,81],"memory":[43,109],"and":[44,85],"behavioral":[45],"components.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"refined":[52],"for":[53,88,115,172,233],"solving":[54,89],"traveling":[56],"salesman":[57],"problem":[58],"(TSP),":[59],"classic":[63],"hard":[64],"computational":[65],"problem.":[66],"Based":[67],"on":[68,78,96,122],"simplified":[70],"version,":[72],"manipulates":[77],"extremely":[79],"limited":[80],"knowledge,":[82],"some":[83,136],"simple":[84,217],"efficient":[86,232],"components":[87,161],"TSP,":[90],"including":[91,139],"two":[92,123],"improving":[93],"heuristics":[94],"based":[95],"generalized":[98],"edge":[99],"assembly":[100],"recombination,":[101],"are":[102,162],"implemented.":[103],"Compared":[104],"metaheuristics":[106],"adaptive":[108],"programming,":[110],"particularly":[113],"suitable":[114,174],"supporting":[116],"search.":[118],"experimental":[120],"results":[121],"TSP":[124],"benchmark":[125],"data":[126,236],"sets":[127],"show":[128],"that":[129,166,183,230],"competitive":[132],"as":[133],"compared":[134],"state-of-the-art":[137],"algorithms,":[138],"Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun,":[141],"IBGLK,":[142],"PHGA,":[143],"etc.,":[144],"although":[145],"does":[147],"not":[148],"use":[149],"any":[150],"explicit":[151],"local":[152],"during":[154],"runtime.":[156],"contributions":[158],"investigated.":[163],"It":[164],"indicates":[165],"clues":[168],"can":[169,189],"be":[170],"positive":[171],"making":[173],"selections":[175],"before":[176],"time-consuming":[177],"computation.":[178],"More":[179],"importantly,":[180],"it":[181],"shows":[182],"achieve":[190],"overall":[192],"good":[193],"performance":[194,212],"macro":[197],"rule":[198,229],"switch":[201],"mode,":[202],"deploys":[204],"alternate":[206,218],"rules":[208,219],"offline":[211],"negative":[214],"correlations.":[215],"Using":[216],"may":[220],"prevent":[221],"high":[223],"difficulty":[224],"seeking":[226],"omnipotent":[228],"large":[235],"set.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
